Positive clinical outcomes derived from using Streptococcus salivarius K12 to prevent streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis in children: a pilot investigation

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristicsa of the children enrolled and ending the study

	Treated	Untreated	P-values
Total number	48	76
Boys	25	40	0.43
Age of boys	5.4±2.9	4.9±2.4	0.25
Girls	23	36	0.52
Age of girls	5.6±2.0	5.1±2.4	0.37
Episodes/childb	3.208	0.118	0.0001

Notes:

a Nonsignificant differences between groups; age expressed as years ± standard deviation;

b parameter expressed with reference to 12 months of 2013.

Table 2 Episodes of pharyngotonsillitis caused in 2013 and 2014 by Streptococcus pyogenes in the two study groups

	2013	A/Ca	2014	A/Ca	Δ%	P-values
Treated (n=48)	154	3.208	16	0.333	−89.6	<0.01
Control (n=76)	9	0.118	12	0.157	+33.3	ns

Note:

a Average/child.

Abbreviation: ns, not significant.

Table 3 Episodes per child of tracheitis, viral pharyngitis, rhinitis, flu, laryngitis, acute otitis media, enteritis, and stomatitis highlighted in 2013

	Treated	Untreated	P-values
Tracheitis	1.35±1.35	1.14±1.36	ns
Pharyngitis (viral)	1.40±1.61	0.71±1.40	<0.01
Rhinitis	1.60±1.61	0.87±1.23	<0.01
Flu	0.15±0.40	0.33±0.61	ns
Laryngitis	0.90±1.74	0.49±1.32	ns
Acute otitis media	0.25±0.60	0.22±0.61	ns
Enteritis	0.20±0.67	0.30±0.62	ns
Stomatitis	0.08±0.29	0.11±0.40	ns

Abbreviation: ns, no significant differences between the groups.

Table 4 Episodes per child of tracheitis, viral pharyngitis, rhinitis, flu, laryngitis, acute otitis media, enteritis and stomatitis highlighted in 2014

	Treated Untreated	P-values	Odds ratio (95% CI)
Tracheitis	0.08±0.29 1.17±1.00	<0.01	0.04 (0.01, 0.12)
Pharyngitis (viral)	0.13±0.37 0.55±0.77	<0.01	0.19 (0.06, 0.52)
Rhinitis	0.17±0.43 0.54±0.84	<0.05	0.36 (0.13, 0.96)
Flu	0.02±0.17 0.44±0.58	<0.01	0.04 (0.01, 0.19)
Laryngitis	0.02±0.17 0.28±0.55	<0.01	0.08 (0.01, 0.45)
Acute otitis media	0.00±0.00 0.17±0.43	<0.01	0.01 (0.00, 0.24)
Enteritis	0.05±0.24 0.30±0.56	<0.01	0.16 (0.03, 0.16)
Stomatitis	0.00±0.00 0.08±0.30	ns	0.01 (0.00, 0.70)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; ns, no significant differences between groups.