Psychiatric Disorders and Genotoxicity Following Primary Metal on Polyethylene Total Hip Arthroplasty and Their Correlation to Cobalt/Chromium Levels

Figures & data

Figure 1 A flow chart of the participants throughout the whole study duration.

Table 1 Demographic Data of Cases of Metal on Polyethylene Hip Implant Surgery Who Completed the Follow-Up

Variable		(n=27)
Age	Mean ± SD	67.29± 8.44
	Range	46–79
Variable		Frequency	Percentage
Sex	Female	14	51.9%
	Male	13	48.1%
Residence	Rural	13	48.1%
	Urban	14	51.9%
Education	Elementary	8	29.7%
	Medium	9	33.3%
	University	10	37%
Social class	Low	9	33.3%
	Moderate	12	44.4%
	High	6	22.3%

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Comparison of Preoperative, 6 Months, and 12 Months Postoperative MMSE and MDI Categories in the Sample of 27 Co/Cr Metallic Hip Replacement Operations

		Normal	Mild	Moderate	Severe
MMSE	Preoperative	24 (88.9)	3 (11.1)	0 (0)	0 (0)
	6 months postoperative	22 (81.5)	1 (3.7)	4 (14.8)	0 (0)
	12 months postoperatively	23 (85.2)	0 (0)	3 (11.1)	1 (3.7)
MDI	Preoperative	26 (96.3)	1 (3.7)	0 (0)	0 (0)
	6 months postoperative	21 (77.8)	2 (7.4)	3 (11.1)	1 (3.7)
	12 months postoperatively	23 (85.2)	0 (0)	3 (11.1)	1 (3.7)

Notes: Marginal Homogeneity tests proved no statistical significance between each pair of levels of depression and cognitive impairment at each pair of points in time. The data are presented as numbers and percent.

Abbreviations: MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MDI, Major Depressive Inventory.

Figure 2 A scatter plot diagram comparing the preoperative, 6-months postoperative, and 12-months postoperative values of serum cobalt after MOP hip implant surgery.

Figure 3 A scatter plot diagram comparing the preoperative, 6-months postoperative, and 12-months postoperative values of serum chromium after MOP hip implant surgery.

Figure 4 A scatter plot diagram comparing the preoperative, 6-months postoperative, and 12-months postoperative values of serum 8-OHdG after MOP Hip implant surgery.

Figure 5 Pearson’s correlation between serum cobalt level (horizontal axis) and serum 8-OHdG level (vertical axis) at 6-months postoperative and at 12-months postoperative.