Figures & data
Figure 1 Metabolic pathways and enzymes involved in NADH production using NAD+ as their cofactor.
![Figure 1 Metabolic pathways and enzymes involved in NADH production using NAD+ as their cofactor.](/cms/asset/a760ea63-a5b2-4087-8cfa-86cb1d934b71/dmso_a_106087_f0001_c.jpg)
Figure 2 Polyol pathway.
Abbreviations: GSSG, oxidized glutathione; GSH, reduced glutathione.
![Figure 2 Polyol pathway.](/cms/asset/31468b73-32db-4903-abcc-88e13f88b2c3/dmso_a_106087_f0002_c.jpg)
Figure 3 Two enzyme systems that are involved in NAD+ degradation.
Abbreviation: 2′-O-acetyl-ADPR, 2′-O-acetyl-ADP ribose.
![Figure 3 Two enzyme systems that are involved in NAD+ degradation.](/cms/asset/2a6b783b-51e3-4e12-afca-df84d0cd9ee4/dmso_a_106087_f0003_c.jpg)
Figure 4 Major cellular enzymes involved in NAD+ regeneration.
![Figure 4 Major cellular enzymes involved in NAD+ regeneration.](/cms/asset/f8abf02b-1295-442a-90f9-46446a3cbd41/dmso_a_106087_f0004_c.jpg)
Figure 5 Consequences of NADH/NAD+ redox imbalance.
Abbreviations: ROS, reactive oxygen species; PARP, poly ADP ribose polymerase.
![Figure 5 Consequences of NADH/NAD+ redox imbalance.](/cms/asset/96013d96-c38c-49c8-a4da-b9e23df487b1/dmso_a_106087_f0005_c.jpg)