Improvement of impaired diastolic left ventricular function after diet-induced weight reduction in severe obesity

Figures & data

Figure 1 Study flow diagram.

Abbreviation: DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Table 1 Baseline characteristics (n=32)

Sex (female/male)	20/12
Age (years)	44.5 ± 8.6
Height (cm)	175.3 ± 10.6
Hypertension	15 (47%)
Hyperlipidemia	5 (16%)
Diabetes mellitus	6 (19%)
Smoking	3 (9%)

Note: Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%).

Table 2 Changes in blood pressure, medication, and metabolic parameters

Characteristics	Week 1	Week 12	p-Value
Blood pressure and heart rate
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	146 ± 14	130 ± 15	<0.01
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	93 ± 12	83 ± 9	<0.01
Heart rate (beats per minute)	90 ± 15	80 ± 13	<0.01
Medication
ACE inhibitors	4 (12%)	3 (9%)	0.84
Angiotensin receptor blockers	6 (18%)	2 (6%)	0.40
β-Blockers	7 (21%)	1 (3%)	0.20
Calcium channel blockers	1 (3%)	0 (0%)	0.84
Hydrochlorothiazide	4 (12%)	1 (3%)	0.53
Metabolic parameter
Glucose (mg/dL)	106 ± 38	91 ± 30	<0.05
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	225 ± 38	173 ± 32	<0.01
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	147 ± 33	106 ± 33	<0.01
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	57 ± 13	56 ± 15	0.54
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	156 ± 69	97 ± 29	<0.01
Uric acid (mg/dL)	6.2 ± 1.7	5.4 ± 1.5	0.06

Note: Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%).

Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.

Table 3 Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: fat mass before and after weight loss (n=13)

Region	Fat mass (kg)		Fat loss (%)	p-Value
	Week 1	Week 12
Left arm	2.6 ± 0.6 (52%)	2.0 ± 0.7 (51%)	21	<0.01
Right arm	2.6 ± 0.8 (50%)	2.1 ± 0.8 (48%)	18	<0.01
Trunk	29.5 ± 13.0 (46%)	24.7 ± 9.7 (43%)	16	<0.01
Left leg	7.7 ± 2.5 (44%)	6.8 ± 2.1 (44%)	12	<0.01
Right leg	7.5 ± 2.5 (44%)	6.7 ± 2.1 (44%)	11	<0.01
Head	1.3 ± 0.3 (24%)	1.2 ± 0.2 (25%)	7	<0.01
Total	53.4 ± 18.1 (45%)	43.5 ± 14.3 (43%)	19	<0.01

Note: Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (percentage of fat).

Table 4 Cardiac dimensions before and after weight loss

Parameter	Week 1	Week 12	p-Value
LA diameter (mm)	41 ± 5	40 ± 8	0.54
LA volume (mL)	57 ± 19	60 ± 18	0.20
LV end-diastolic diameter (mm)	48 ± 10	51 ± 6	0.20
LV posterior wall (mm)	11 ± 2	11 ± 2	0.94
Interventricular septum (mm)	11 ± 2	11 ± 2	0.63

Note: Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Abbreviations: LA, left atrial; LV, left ventricular.

Figure 2 Changes of pulsed Doppler index A (A) and E/A ratio (B) after weight reduction.

Figure 3 Changes of tissue Doppler index a´ (A) and e´/a´ ratio (B) after weight reduction.