Effects of a tailored lifestyle self-management intervention (TALENT) study on weight reduction: a randomized controlled trial

Figures & data

Figure 1 Consort flowchart showing the design of the study.

Abbreviations: IHM, Individual Health Management; UC, usual care.

Figure 2 Schematic course of IHM in weight reduction with study examination visits embedded. Visits embedded (white bars). Introduction days (gray lined bars), 10 × 2-hour after-work sessions (gray bars) including self-monitoring

, physical activity

, nutrition

and stress management packages

, and four quarterly refresh meetings (black bars).

Abbreviation: IHM, Individual Health Management.

Table 1 Basic sample description and baseline values for secondary outcome parameters

Baseline variable	IHM (n=111)		UC (n=55)		P
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Age, years	49.9	9.7	52.1	10	0.182
	n	%	n	%
Female	83	74.8	40	72.7	0.851
Education
Primary school	29	26.1	14	25.5	0.555
Secondary school	55	49.5	26	47.3
High school	27	24.3	14	25.5
Other	0		1	1.8
Employment status
Employed	90	81.1	44	80	0.392
Occupied without payment	6	5.4	1	1.8
Jobless	2	1.8	1	1.8
Still in education	0		1	1.8
Retired	13	11.7	8	14.5
Living condition
Single household	10	9.1	7	13	0.43
Multiperson household	100	90.9	47	87
Smoker
No	98	88.3	50	90.9	0.792
Yes	13	11.7	5	9.1
• If yes, <5 cigarettes per day	3		1
• If yes, 5–30 cigarettes per day	10		4
Alcohol consumption
No	61	55	24	43.6	0.189
Yes	50	45	31	56.4
• If yes, <1 glass per day	34		21
• If yes, 1–2 glasses per day	10		8
• If yes, 3–4 glasses per day	1		0
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	P
Body weight, kg	89.6	10.2	88.9	11.3	0.681
BMI	31.8	2	31.5	2	0.48
Waist circumference, cm	103.7	8.8	103.2	9.9	0.743
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	131.4	15.8	134.1	16.7	0.314
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	84.3	8.4	85.6	8.7	0.377
Heart rate, beats per min	72.7	10.7	74.7	10.2	0.244
BF, kg	35.5	6.7	35	5.1	0.629
BCM, kg	27.1	5.6	26.9	6.1	0.813
BF:BCM ratio	1.37	0.35	1.36	0.32	0.948
Fasting glucose, mg/dL	92.5	12.9	92.6	11.8	0.959
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	227.6	38	231.1	39.7	0.585
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL	149.3	33.7	150.6	31.3	0.813
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	58.3	13.3	59.6	15.9	0.587
LDL:HDL ratio	2.73	0.98	2.71	0.9	0.868
Triglycerides, mg/dL	137	76.8	134.5	61.8	0.832

Note: Group allocation “as treated”.

Abbreviations: IHM, Individual Health Management; UC, usual care; SD, standard deviation; BF, body fat; BCM, body cell mass; BMI, body mass index; LDL, low-density lipid; HDL, high-density lipid.

Figure 3 Mean weight in both treatment groups during the course of the study, separated by gender.

Notes: Thick black lines represent whole-group totals; per protocol subjects only.
Abbreviations: IHM, Individual Health Management; UC, usual care.

Figure 4 Scatterplot for weight measurements at months 0 and 12 (without imputations).

Notes: Solid line shows diagonal of equal values at both examinations; dashed line represents a 7.5% reduction at month 12.
Abbreviations: IHM, Individual Health Management; UC, usual care.

Table 2 Secondary outcome parameter: change from baseline to month 12

Secondary outcome variable	IHM (n=94)		UC (n=45)		Between-group difference
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	P
BMI	−3.5**	2.15	−0.87**	1.36	<0.001
Waist circumference, cm	−11.75**	7.58	−5.26**	5.27	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	−5.23**	17.28	0.82	17.67	0.057
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	−3.23**	9.41	−1.11	11	0.241
Heart rate	−2.54*	11.19	−2.84	10.09	0.878
BF, kg	−6.73**	5.34#	−1.71**	3.59	<0.001
BCM, kg	−1.84**	1.7	−0.55	2.16	<0.001
BF:BCM ratio	−0.18**	0.19	−0.05*	0.17	<0.001
Fasting glucose, mg/dL	−4.8**	13.45§	−1.42	12.34	0.16
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	−2.4	28.28#	0.6	35.81	0.594
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL	−7.07**	24.10#	−2.62	30.06	0.351
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	5.04**	9.19#	1.6	7.8	0.032
LDL:HDL ratio	−0.32**	0.59#	−0.14	0.52	0.081
Triglycerides, mg/dL	−18.44*	70.81#	1.7	79.34	0.135

Notes: Within group difference between baseline and month 12:

* P<0.05;

** P<0.01;

# n=93;

§ n=90. Group allocation as treated, without imputation of missing values.

Abbreviations: IHM, Individual Health Management; UC, usual care; SD, standard deviation; BF, body fat; BCM, body cell mass; BMI, body mass index; LDL, low-density lipid; HDL, high-density lipid.