Antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase and indices of insulin resistance and insulin secretion in nondiabetic adults: a cross-sectional study

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of the study population

	Women (n=46)	Men (n=35)	Total (n=81)
Age (years)	52.2±8.6	50.4±11.7	51.4±10.1
Weight (kg)	64±10.4	78.7±13.2	70.4±13.8
Height (cm)	156.9±5.9	168.6±7.8	161.9±8.9
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	26±4.1	27.6±4	26.7±4.1
Percent body fat (%)	34.7±5.8	26.4±6.2	31.1±7.3
Waist circumference (cm)	82.3±10.5	95.1±11.6	88.2±12.7
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	115.2±14.1	121.7±16.6	118±15.4
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	70±18.2	73.2±16.2	71.4±17.3
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)	94.3±11.5	98.1±6.6	95.9±9.8
Glycated hemoglobin A1c (%)	5.5±1.6	5.6±1.1	5.5±1.4
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	0.73±0.12	0.92±0.17	0.81±0.17
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	211±52.5	182.8±38.1	198.8±48.7
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	153.2±84	156.4±68.2	154.6±77.1
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)	47.8±11.3	39±11.9	44±12.3
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)	134.8±46.4	112.6±41	125.2±45.2
Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (U/mL)	4.39±1.15	4.31±0.88	4.36±1.04

Note: Data are mean±SD unless indicated otherwise.

Figure 1 Mean GADA titers across quartiles of IR indices (HOMA-IR [A] and incremental area under the insulin curve [B]) and insulin secretion indices (corrected insulin response [C] and HOMA-beta cell% [D]). Error bars represent standard deviations.

Abbreviations: GADA, glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance.

Figure 2 Mean GADA titers across quartiles of HbA1c.

Notes: Error bars represent standard deviations. p-value from analysis of variance: 0.25.
Abbreviations: GADA, glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.

Figure 3 Mean GADA titers across categories of body mass index.

Note:p-value from analysis of variance: 0.46.
Abbreviation: GADA, glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody.

Figure 4 Mean GADA titers across quartiles of waist circumference.

Note:p-value from analysis of variance: 0.46.
Abbreviation: GADA, glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody.