Cardiometabolic results from an armband-based weight loss trial

Figures & data

Figure 1 Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) diagram describing recruitment and retention of participants. If follow-up blood chemistry were missing, baseline values were carried forward.

Table 1 Baseline characteristics*

Characteristics	Total (n = 164)	Standard care (n = 40)	Group (n = 44)	Armband (n = 41)	Group + Armband (n = 39)
Age (years)	47.6 (10.7)	47.8 (9.0)	46.8 (12.4)	49.2 (11.4)	46.6 (9.6)
Female, No. (%)	132 (80.5)	33 (82.5)	35 (79.6)	32 (78.1)	32 (82.1)
African American, No. (%)	51 (31.1)	15 (37.5)	13 (29.6)	12 (29.3)	11 (28.2)
College degree or higher, No. (%)	127 (77.4)	31 (77.5)	35 (79.6)	32 (78.1)	29 (74.4)
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	33.2 (5.3)	33.9 (5.6)	32.8 (4.9)	33.4 (5.7)	32.7 (5.0)
Resting blood pressure (mmHg)
Systolic	127 (12)	129 (13)	126 (11)	129 (13)	125 (12)
Diastolic	81 (8)	82 (9)	79 (8)	81 (8)	79 (7)
Fasting plasma lipids (mg/dL)
Total cholesterol	173.3 (44.2)	171.8 (34.2)	170.8 (48.3)	178.1 (47.5)	172.5 (46.1)
HDL	47.8 (19.4)	48.5 (20.3)	47.5 (18.8)	45.4 (19.5)	50.2 (19.4)
LDL	105.5 (42.5)	102.5 (33.0)	103.2 (46.2)	111.2 (45.2)	105.2 (44.8)
Triglycerides	99.6 (64.9)	103.9 (67.7)	100.6 (66.5)	107.6 (71.5)	85.6 (51.6)
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)	97.7 (24.8)	99.1 (18.3)	104.0 (29.6)	98.0 (21.9)	88.8 (26.0)
Current smoker, No. (%)	8 (4.9)	4 (10)	1 (2.3)	2 (4.9)	1 (2.6)
Current medication, No. (%)
Hypertension	51 (31.1)	11 (27.5)	11 (25.0)	16 (39.0)	13 (33.3)
Diabetes mellitus	12 (7.3)	1 (2.5)	5 (11.4)	4 (9.8)	2 (5.1)
Lipids lowering medication ^†	44 (26.8)	7 (17.5)	13 (29.6)	15 (36.6)	9 (23.1)

Notes:

* Data presented as mean (standard deviation) unless otherwise indicated.

† Lipids lowering medication includes Statin and triglycerides-medications.

Abbreviations: HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.

SI conversions: To convert LDL and HDL to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259; triglycerides to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0113; fasting glucose to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0555.

Table 2 Change in blood pressure and lipids*

Characteristics	Standard care (n = 40)	Group (n = 44)	Armband (n = 41)	Group + armband (n = 39)	P-Value^†
Change in resting systolic BP (mm Hg)	0.57 (1.18)	−2.96 (1.12) ^‡	−2.24 (1.16)	−3.48 (1.20) ^‡	0.08
Change in resting diastolic BP (mm Hg)	−0.01 (0.79)	−0.42 (0.75)	−0.83 (0.78)	−1.41 (0.80)	0.64
Change in total cholesterol (mg/dL)	18.32 (5.57) ^‡	15.58 (5.28) ^‡	3.06 (5.50)	3.61 (5.62)	0.11
Change in HDL (mg/dL)	2.66 (2.63)	3.28 (2.50)	3.52 (2.60)	3.33 (2.66)	1.00
Change in LDL (mg/dL)	15.84 (5.30) ^‡	13.71 (5.02) ^‡	2.67 (5.23)	3.96 (5.34)	0.18
Change in triglycerides (mg/dL)	−1.34 (6.72)	−7.68 (6.36)	−13.07 (6.61) ^‡	−19.87 (6.81) ^‡	0.26

Notes:

* Values are least-squares means (SE) adjusted for baseline age, gender, race, education, recruitment wave, medication, and baseline blood pressure or lipids value.

† Differences in blood lipids change across groups (row P values),

‡ within-groups were tested by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) (P < 0.05), and § Significant across group differences were followed by pair-wise comparisons to test whether intervention groups differed significantly from the standard care group (P < 0.05).

Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SE, standard error.

Figure 2 Mean change (least-squares mean ± 95% confidence interval) in fasting glucose for the standard care and intervention groups. Difference across groups were tested by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with adjustment for prespecified covariates (baseline age, gender, race, education, recruitment wave, and baseline glucose) among 152 participants not taking glucose medication. Significant ANCOVAs (P < 0.05) were followed by pair-wise comparisons to test whether intervention groups differed significantly from the standard care group.

Notes: *The P-values for pairwise comparisons of standard care with the armband, group, and group + armband were P < 0.05 for each.