Personalized intervention to improve stress and sleep patterns for glycemic control and weight management in obese Emirati patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled clinical trial

Figures & data

Figure 1 Schematic flow chart showing the selection process based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Figure 2 Schematic flow chart showing the site visits and telephone calls of the study.

Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the studied population (intervention and control groups)

	Intervention	Control	P-values
Subjects (n)	18	17	—
Age (years)	39.0±8.0	39.8±6.9	>0.05
Sex (female), n (%)	8 (57)	9 (69)	—
Age at diagnosis (years)	31.7±7.2	28.0±7.6	>0.05
Diabetes duration (years)	7.0±5.7	12.3±6.9	>0.05
Weight (kg)	92.0±17.4	95.0±17.4	>0.05
BMI (kg/m^2)	33.5±5.7	35.5±5.7	>0.05
HbA1c (%)	9.3±2.0	8.0±1.0	>0.05

Note: Data presented as means ± SD and numbers (%).

Abbreviations: BMI, body-mass index; HbA_1c, glycated hemoglobin.

Table 2 Percentage change in weight, BMI, HbA_1c, and lipid profile between baseline and end of trial for intervention and control groups

	Intervention	Control	P-values
Weight (kg)	−3.2±2.9	−0.02±4.5	<0.05*
BMI (kg/m^2)	−4.50±5.9	−0.0003±3.3	<0.05*
HbA1c (%)	−5.3±15.7	9.9±13.1	<0.05*
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	−4.6±21.4	−6.9±23.4	>0.05
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	−6.6±57.6	0.4±24.5	>0.05
HDL (mg/dL) (mmol/L)	−0.4±12.6	−7.8±11.4	>0.05
LDL (mg/dL) (mmol/L)	−12.8±28.8	−7.1±37.2	>0.05

Note: Data presented as means ± SD. *P < 0.05.

Abbreviations: BMI, body-mass index; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.

Table 3 Percentage change in recovery, stress, and sleep duration and quality between baseline and end of trial for intervention and control groups

	Intervention	Control	P-values
Recovery level (%)	84.5±17.6	−46.2±16.1	<0.001**
Recovery period (hours)	30.8±29.2	14.1±21.6	>0.05
Stress level (%)	−2.2±27.2	25.3±22.5	>0.05
Stress period (hours)	−18.53±15.8	12.2±16.2	>0.05
Sleep period (hours)	9.7±23.2	−3.3±29.6	>0.05
Quality of sleep (ms)	26.9±21.7	−25.5±23.5	>0.05

Note: Data presented as means ± SD. **P < 0.001.

Data availability

Research data used in the preparation of the manuscript are available for sharing upon reasonable request. This includes the assessment tools and individual deidentified participant data. The data can be obtained from Dr Bashair M Mussa or https://clinicaltrials.gov.