Impact and cost of a 2-week community-based screening and awareness program for diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors in a Swiss canton

Figures & data

Figure 1 Visuals used in the mass media campaign targeting the general public. The visuals were created using pictures from GettyImages^® and iStockphotos^®.

Figure 2 Distribution of the participants to the screening program according to age and sex.

Figure 3 Distribution of the participants to the screening program according to sex, age, and last medical visit.

Table 1 Proportion of participants in the screening program with selected blood glucose impairment categories according to fasting duration

	Number of hours since last meal/beverage						Unknown		Total
	<4 hours		4–6 hours		≥7 hours		N	%	N	%
	N	%	N	%	N	%
Data on treatment and RGB	1828		595		804		857		4087
Treated for diabetes	32	1.8	11	1.9	12	1.9	12	1.5	70	1.8
Untreated for diabetes	1796		584		792		845		4017
RBG ≥ 5.6	960	53.5	184	31.5	270	34.1	358	42.4	1772	44.1
RBG ≥ 7.0	233	13.0	29	5.0	29	3.7	64	7.6	355	8.8
RBG ≥ 7.8	106	5.9	12	2.1	10	1.3	22	2.6	150	3.7
RBG ≥ 11.0	10	0.6	2	0.3	1	0.1	3	0.4	16	0.4
Untreated for diabetes, RBG ≥ 7.0 and A1c done
Number of participants	95		11		19		27		152
RBG ≥ 7.0 and A1c 5.7–6.4	31	32.6	5	45.5	10	52.6	16	59.3	62	40.8
RBG ≥ 7.0 and A1c ≥ 6.5	17	17.9	2	18.2	7	36.8	5	18.5	31	20.4

Abbreviation: RBG, random blood glucose (mmol/L).

Table 2 Proportion of participants in the screening program with selected cardiovascular risk factors, according to sex and age

	Sex				Age				Total
	Men		Women		<55		≥55		N	%
	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Total number of participants	1367		2735		2157		1871		4222
Hypertension
Treated for hypertension	188	14.3	333	12.7	90	4.4	423	23.3	521	13.2
Untreated and BP ≥ 140/90	466	35.4	569	21.7	436	21.2	589	32.5	1035	26.1
Untreated and BP ≥ 160/100	121	9.2	145	5.5	99	4.8	164	9.0	263	6.6
% untreated among all with HBP ^a		71.3		63.1		82.9		58.2		66.5
EC
Treated for cholesterol (TC)	119	9.1	177	6.8	57	2.8	235	13.1	292	7.4
Untreated and TC ≥ 5.2	453	34.7	939	36.1	619	30.3	748	41.7	1399	35.6
Untreated and TC ≥ 6.2	138	10.6	325	12.5	180	8.8	271	15.1	451	11.5
% untreated among all with EC ^b		79.2		84.1		91.6		76.1		82.7
Overweight (kg/m^2)
Body mass index ≥ 25	774	59.2	948	36.4	837	40.7	866	48.4	1703	44.3
Body mass index ≥ 30	177	13.5	247	9.5	208	10.1	210	11.7	418	10.9
Cigarette smoking (yes/no)	221	16.6	429	16.0	405	19.2	233	12.7	638	16.2
One or more of following risk factors (treated and untreated)
HBP, EC	885	69.1	1505	58.8	951	47.4	1405	79.7	2397	62.2
HBP, EC, smoking	936	74.2	1672	66.2	1139	57.5	1429	82.1	2616	68.8
HBP, EC, smoking, BMI ≥ 25	1044	85.8	1814	74.6	1347	70.9	1468	87.2	2866	78.3

Note:

a BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg or treatment for hypertension;

b TC ≥ 5.2 mmol/L or cholesterol lowering treatment. Percentages with different conditions are calculated based on subsamples with no missing data.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; EC, elevated cholesterol; HBP, high blood pressure.

Figure 4 Recall of the mass media campaign by the general public (telephone survey of a representative sample of the population aged 18–74 in the canton of Vaud).

Figure 5 Levels of sensitization to different messages among members of the general public who could recall the campaign (telephone survey of a representative sample of the population aged 18–74 in the canton of Vaud).

Table 3 Perception of diabetes and screening practices in the general public (telephone survey of a representative sample of the population aged 18–74 of the canton of Vaud)

Item	Percentage
Severity of diabetes as a disease
Very severe	33
Quite severe	61
Not severe	6
Knows someone who has diabetes among relatives
All	53
Underwent diabetes screening in past 12 months
All	37
Men	36
Women	37
18–34	16
35–49	28
50–64	50
65–74	65
Among those screened, reason for doing screening
Own initiative	49
Advice of a doctor	47
Pressure from relatives	2
Screening campaign	2
Where would you find information on a health problem ^a
	Age 18–34	Age 64–75
Internet	53	76
Doctor	72	57
Pharmacist	8	17

Note:

a Several answers possible.

Table 4 Broad cost categories for the screening and awareness campaign

Item	Cost (CHF)
Printing screening cards, leaflets, and billboards	44,800
Posters in 250 public places	33,700
Placement of flyers in 350 public transport vehicles	8,700
Advertisements in three main newspapers	20,700
Production and airing of 165 spots on three local radio stations	13,900
Fees to communication company	34,700
Screening material and logistics	21,000
Data entry of screening results	5,300
Telephone survey in sample of general population	10,800
State support to pharmacists	45,070
Other expenses	3,650
Working time of project officers	90,000
Total	332,320

Note: The table does not include the CHF 10 subsidized fee paid by each participant for the screening (a total of CHF 42,000).