Clinic, Anthropometric And Metabolic Changes In Adults With Class III Obesity Classified As Metabolically Healthy And Metabolically Unhealthy

Figures & data

Figure 1 Frequency (%) of subjects by age group, according to obesity phenotypes, MHO and MUHO.

Abbreviations: MHO, metabolically healthy obese; MUHO, metabolically unhealthy obese.

Table 1 Clinical, Biochemical And Anthropometric Characteristics Of The MHO And MUHO Phenotypes

General Characteristics		MHO (n=73) Mean ± SD	MUHO (n=150) Mean ± SD	p-Value
Clinical and Metabolic Variables
Systolic H (mmHg)		123.36 ± 23.45	140.00 ± 30.47	0.000^a
Diastolic H (mmHg)		76.63 ± 18.09	90.29 ± 24.45	0.000^a
SH (%)	Yes	35.60 (n=26)	87.30 (n=131)	0.001^b
	No	64.40 (n=47)	12.70 (n=19)
NAFLD (%)	Yes	83.60 (n=61)	94.00 (n=141)	0.025^b
	No	16.40 (n=12)	6.00 (n=9)
IR (%)	Yes	60.27 (n=44)	84.00 (n=126)	0.000^b
	No	39.73 (n=29)	16.00 (n=24)
Anthropometric variables
Weight (kg)		118.46 ± 16.30	118.04 ± 19.86	0.876
Height (m)		1.66 ± 0.08	1.66 ± 0.10	0.723
BMI (kg/m^2)		42.99 ± 4.48	42.51 ± 4.86	0.465
WC (cm)		118.18 ± 11.72	120.54 ± 13.89	0.186
VAI		4.28 ± 3.56	7.93 ± 8.70	0.001^a
Biochemical variables
Glucose (mg/dL)		91.33 ± 15.99	106.81 ± 30.42	0.000^a
Insulin (mg/dL)		16.36 ± 8.97	19.73 ± 11.67	0.018^a
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)		197.67 ± 36.07	199.06 ± 57.16	0.826
LDL-c (mg/dL)		121.10 ± 31.61	120.31 ± 35.53	0.867
HDL-c (mg/dL)		52.25 ± 11.64	42.49 ± 8.96	0.000^a
Triglycerides (mg/dL)		123.04 ± 140.94	190.25 ± 239.38	0.009^a
Inflammatory markers
HOMA-IR		3.74 ± 2.32	5.40 ± 4.22	0.002^a
Hs-CRP (mg/dL)		0.88 ± 0.71	0.97 ± 0.93	0.427
Leptin		45.69 ± 32.24	42.50 ± 30.96	0.483
Bone metabolism markers
Calcium (mg/dL)		3.91 ± 1.40	3.906 ± 1.87	0.987
Phosphorus (mg/dL)		3.58 ± 0.58	3.65 ± 0.63	0.799
25(OH)D (ng/mL)		22.33 ± 7.79	22.69 ± 8.31	0.747
PTH (pg/mL)		42.09 ± 18.13	42.79 ± 16.08	0.779
AP (U/L)		70.56 ± 27.57	80.11 ± 27.56	0.016^a

Notes: ^at-Student’s test (p<0.05); ^bPearson’s chi-square (X²) test (p< 0.05).

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; SH, systemic hypertension; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; IR, insulin resistance; BMI, body mass index; AC, abdominal circumference; VAI, visceral adiposity index; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment – insulin resistance; LDLc, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-c, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; PTH, parathyroid hormone; AP, alkaline phosphatase.

Table 2 Correlation Between Bone Metabolism Variables And Anthropometric Parameters And Inflammatory Markers (HOMA-IR, Hs-CRP And Leptin) According To The MHO And MUHO Phenotypes

Bone Markers	Anthropometric Variables								Inflammatory Markers
	BMI				VAI				HOMA IR				Hs-CRP				Leptin
	MHO		MUHO		MHO		MUHO		MHO		MUHO		MHO		MUHO		MHO		MUHO
	r	p	r	p	r	p	r	p	r	p	r	p	r	p	r	p	r	p	r	p
Calcium	−0.07	0.57	0.01	0.95	0.15	0.18	−0.27^a	0.04	0.09	0.44	−0.08	0.34	−0.30^a	0.01	0.06	0.47	−0.19	0.12	−0.01	0.92
Phosphorus	0.10	0.38	0.31^b	0.00	−0.20	0.10	0.17^a	0.04	−0.05	0.65	−0.02	0.78	0.16	0.17	0.04	0.62	−0.11	0.36	−0.14	0.09
25(OH)D	−0.05	0.68	−0.31^a	0.04	−0.05	0.69	−0.10	0.22	−0.15	0.20	−0.11	0.18	0.12	0.33	−0.06	0.51	0.08	0.49	0.00	0.97
PTH	0.00	0.99	0.05	0.52	−0.01	0.97	−0.04	0.61	−0.28^a	0.02	0.09	0.30	−0.02	0.87	0.09	0.28	−0.01	0.92	0.12	0.14
AP	−0.09	0.43	0.01	0.89	0.01	0.91	−0.07	0.41	−0.19	0.12	−0.02	0.85	0.13	0.28	0.02	0.85	0.06	0.60	0.05	0.55

Notes: ^aPearson’s correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed); ^bPearson’s correlation is significant at 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Abbreviations: 25(OH)D, vitamin D; AP, alkaline phosphatase; BMI, body mass index; MHO, metabolically healthy obese; MUHO, metabolically unhealthy obese; PTH, parathyroid hormone; VAI, visceral.