Can Low SHBG Serum Concentration Be A Good Early Marker Of Male Hypogonadism In Metabolic Syndrome?

Figures & data

Figure 1 Wschowa county, Lubuskie province, Poland.

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics Of All Study Participants (Variables Are Shown As Medians With Q₁ And Q₃ Values)

Variable	Studied Group (Diagnosed With MS) N=65	Controls (Healthy) N=84	p
Age	60 (50–70)	50 (40–60)	0.2992
Brinkmann Index	300 (0–700)	300 (0–500)	0.4713
Waist circumference	106 (101–113)	92 (86–98.5)	<0.0001
WHR	1.01 (1.0–1.03)	1 (0.97–1.01)	0.0004
BMI	30 (27.7–32.5)	25.15 (22.8–28.05)	<0.0001
Systolic BP	150 (130–160)	140 (125–150)	0.0038
Diastolic BP	90 (80–95)	80 (80–90)	0.0027
Glucose	105 (98–112)	93 (86–96)	<0.0001
Total cholesterol	250 (217–296)	239.5 (208–282.5)	0.1511
Non-HDL cholesterol	208 (176–249)	184 (148.5–219.5)	0.0025
LDL cholesterol	172 (147–200)	163.5 (132.5–199)	0.3122
HDL cholesterol	43 (38–50)	55.5 (47–68.5)	<0.0001
Triglycerides	183 (135–229)	100 (75.5–124)	<0.0001

Note: Statistically significant p<0.05 shown in Italics.

Table 2 Selected Investigated Parameters Of All Study Participants (Variables Are Shown As Medians With Q₁ And Q₃ Values)

Variable	Studied Group (Diagnosed With MS) N=65	Controls (Healthy) N=84	p
Homocysteine	10 (8–12.2)	9.1 (7.4–11.95)	0.4371
hs–CRP	1.65 (0.94–4.56)	1.02 (0.44–2.60)	0.0062
Free testosterone – measured	11.53 (9.56–14.43)	12.57 (10.71–15.18)	0.1340
DHEA–S	0.97 (0.55–1.41)	1.115 (0.6568–1.65)	0.2556
DHEA	11.58 (8.39–15.56)	14.01 (9.61–17.13)	0.0350
Total testosterone	5.2 (3.8–6.5)	6.3 (5.4–8.25)	0.0001
SHBG	47.46 (35.78–62.83)	71.965 (54.45–91.56)	<0.0001
Free testosterone – calculated	85.2 (58.7–108)	80 (63.1–105.5)	0.9969
BAT	2.01 (1.46–2.66)	1.88 (1.48–2.495)	0.7305

Note: Statistically significant p<0.05 shown in italics.

Figure 2 Serum concentrations of selected parameters in age group among patients with metabolic syndrome.

Table 3 Comparison Of Association Between Particular MS Elements Plus SHBG And MS Prevalence (Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient (r _s) And P–Value Are Presented)

	r s	p
Waist circumference	0.635	<0.0001
Fasting plasma glucose	0.621	<0.0001
Triglycerides	0.602	<0.0001
Cholesterol HDL	–0.464	<0.0001
SHBG	–0.435	<0.0001
Diastolic blood pressure	0.247	0.0024
Systolic blood pressure	0.238	0.0035

Note: Statistically significant p<0.05 shown in italics.

Table 4 Univariate And Multivariate Regression Analysis

Section A: Univariate Regression Analysis:					Section B: Multivariate Regression Analysis:
					Model 1				Model 2				Model 3
Parameters	OR	95% CI-	95% CI+	p	OR	95% CI -	95% CI +	p	OR	95% CI -	95% CI +	p	OR	95% CI -	95% CI +	p
Age	1.02	0.99	1.05	0.2945
Smoking	1.32	0.67	2.60	0.4228
Brinkmann Index	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.1818
Waist circumference^a	1.19	1.13	1.26	<0.0001*
BMI	1.46	1.28	1.66	<0.0001*	1.51	1.28	1.78	<0.0001*	1.56	1.32	1.84	<0.0001*	1.51	1.28	1.78	<0.0001*
Systolic BP^a	1.02	1.00	1.04	0.0164*
Diastolic BP^a	1.05	1.01	1.09	0.0163*
Glucose^a	1.10	1.05	1.15	<0.0001*
Homocysteine	1.00	0.94	1.06	0.8650
hs-CRP	1.00	0.97	1.04	0.9179
Total cholesterol	1.01	1.00	1.01	0.0690^b
Non-HDL	1.01	1.00	1.02	0.0013*	1.01	1.00	1.03	0.0063*	1.02	1.01	1.03	0.0011*	1.01	1.00	1.02	0.0073*
LDL	1.01	1.00	1.01	0.1452
HDL^a	0.92	0.89	0.95	<0.0001*
Triglycerides^a	1.02	1.02	1.03	<0.0001*
FT – measured	0.94	0.86	1.03	0.2052
FT – calculated	1.00	0.99	1.01	0.7936
Bioavailable T – calculated	1.04	0.78	1.37	0.8033
DHEA–S	0.86	0.57	1.30	0.4774
DHEA	0.93	0.87	1.00	0.0468*	0.83	0.75	0.92	0.0006*	0.85	0.77	0.94	0.0015*	0.83	0.75	0.93	0.0007*
Total testosterone	0.79	0.68	0.92	0.0020*	0.94	0.76	1.15	0.5445	0.81	0.68	0.98	0.0272*
SHBG	0.96	0.95	0.98	<0.0001*	0.97	0.94	0.99	0.0053*					0.96	0.94	0.99	0.0012*

Notes: *Statistically significant p<0.05. ^aNot included in the analysis due to being diagnostic criteria of MS. ^bNot included in the analysis due to total cholesterol including HDL and thus having significance. For univariate regression significance cutoff point is p<0.1 not 0.05, as stated in Methods.

Figure 3 Univariate regression and three models for multivariate regression – forest plots.

Notes: NS – non-significant, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CRP, c-reactive protein; non-HDL, total cholesterol minus HDL; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; FT, free testosterone; DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone; SHBG, sex hormone–binding globulin.