Chaperone-Based Therapeutic Target Innovation: Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Figures & data

Figure 1 Role of iHSP70 and eHSP70 on the inflammatory process in T2DM pathogenesis.

Figure 2 HSP70 in mitochondrial function in T2DM pathogenesis.

Figure 3 HSP70 role on ER stress in T2DM pathogenesis.

Figure 4 HSP70 expression role on brain tissue in insulin sensitivity and glycemic control.

Table 1 Studies Related to HSP70-Modulating Interventions

Intervention	Types of Research	Research Purpose	Results	References
Exercise	Human	Understanding the effect of exercise (cycling until exhausted) on the expression of HSP72 mRNA in skeletal muscles.	HSP72 mRNA expression progressively increased during exercise (cycling).	Febbraio et al^Citation60
Exercise	In vivo	Understanding the effect of exercise (running on the treadmill) on HSP72 expression in 3 different rat organs: heart, soleus, and white gastrocnemius (WG).	There was a significant increase in HSP70 expression in the heart and WG in the exercising group. (Heart = 77.4 ± 8.5; WG = 93.9 ± 18.4)	Noble et al^Citation61
HTT	In vivo	Understanding the effect of HTT on HSP70 expression, lipid profile, antioxidant capacity, and blood glucose level in diabetic rats.	Some findings included an improved lipid profile, increased HSP70 expression, and antioxidant capacity in diabetic rats with HTT.	Bathaie et al^Citation63
Alfalfa derived HSP70	In vivo	Understanding the effect of aHSP70 (in different dosage) on insulin sensitivity and blood glucose level in diabetic rats.	There was an increase in insulin sensitivity in groups with aHSP70 (14% at 10 μg dosage and 40% at 40 μg dosage).	Tytell et al.^Citation15

Febbraio MA, Koukoulas I. HSP72 gene expression progressively increases in human skeletal muscle during prolonged, exhaustive exercise. J Appl Physiol. 2000;89(3):1055–1060. doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.89.3.1055

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Noble EG, Ho R, Dzialoszynski T. Exercise is the primary factor associated with Hsp70 induction in muscle of treadmill running rats. Acta Physiol. 2006;187(4):495–501. doi:10.1111/aps.2006.187.issue-4

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Bathaie SZ, Jafarnejad A, Hosseinkhani S, Nakhjavani M. The effect of hot-tub therapy on serum Hsp70 level and its benefit on diabetic rats: a preliminary report. Int J Hyperthermia. 2010;26(6):577–585. doi:10.3109/02656736.2010.485594

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Tytell M, Davis AT, Giles J, et al. Alfalfa-derived HSP70 administered intranasally improves insulin sensitivity in mice. Cell Stress Chaperones. 2018;23(2):189–194. doi:10.1007/s12192-017-0835-4

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