Evaluation of Factors Affecting the Severity of Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Patients with Diabetes Referred to a Diabetes Centre in Kermanshah

Figures & data

Figure 1 Awareness Questionnaire.

Figure 2 Function in Self-Care Questionnaire.

Table 1 Qualitative Variables (n=190)

Parameters	Values	n (%)	Parameters	Values	n(%)
Gender	Female	109 (57.4)	Job	Employee	34 (17.9)
	Male	81 (42.6)		Self-Employment	20 (10.5)
Marriage	Single	147 (77.4)		Workless	5 (2.6)
	Married	16 (8.4)		Retired	20 (10.5)
	Divorced	19 (10.0)		Military	5 (2.6)
	Widow	8 (4.2)		Home Made	71 (37.4)
Education	Illiterate	35 (18.4)		Student	8 (4.2)
	Elementary	69 (36.3)		Farmer-Herdsman	15 (7.9)
	Secondary Education	51 (26.8)		Driver	8 (4.2)
	High School	19 (10.0)		Other	4 (2.1)
	College	16 (8.4)	Income (USD/Month)	<300	162 (85.3)
Location	City	139 (73.2)		300–400	23 (12.1)
	Village	51 (26.8)		>400	5 (2.6)
Family History of Diabetes	Yes	58 (30.5)	Diabetes Complications in Family	Yes	19 (10.0)
	No	132 (69.5)		No	171 (90.0)
Type of OC	Cardiovascular Comp.	11 (5.8)	Other Complications (OC)	Yes	26 (13.7)
				No	164 (86.3)
	Eye Comp.	6 (3.2)
	Renal Comp.	2 (1.1)
	Other Comp.	7 (3.7)

Table 2 Severity of Foot Ulcer (Wagner Scale) (n=190)

Parameter	Values (Grade 0–5)	n (%)
Severity of Ulcer	No ulcer but foot at risk (Grade 0)	0
	Superficial ulcers (Grade 1)	78 (41.1)
	Deep ulcers (Grade 2)	89 (46.8)
	Abscessed Deep ulcers (Grade 3)	16 (8.4)
	Limited gangrene (Grade 4)	7 (3.7)
	Extensive gangrene (Grade 5)	0

Table 3 Function and Awareness in Self-Care

Parameters	Values	Mean±SD	Minimum	Maximum	Median
Awareness	About Diabetes	2.911.78	0	7	4
	About exercise and physical function	1.730.87	0	4	2
	About Diet	2.361.01	1	5	2
	Total	6.992.76	2	15	7
Function	Diet	13.152.61	9	24	13
	Exercise and physical function	13.102.70	7	21	13
	Control of early complications	13.112.7	8	20	13
	Control of late complications	11.012.74	6	20	11
	Foot care	11.833.16	6	21	11
	Total	62.229.92	48	94	60

Table 4 Relationship Between Quantitative Variables with Awareness and Function (Spearman Test)

Parameter	Awareness	Function
Age	P=0.000** r=−0.390	P=0.921 r=0.007
Illness duration	P=0.008** r=−0.193	P=0.324 r=0.070

Note: **Significant at 0.01.

Table 5 Relationship Between Qualitative Variables with Awareness and Function (KW & UMW Test)

Test	Parameters			Mean Rank		Statistics
				Awareness	Function	Awareness	Function
U Mann–Whitney	Gender	Female		94.78	91.22	P=0.876 Z=−0.156	P=0.354 Z=−0.927
		Male		96.03	98.68
	Location	City		96.41	94.41	P=0.703 Z=−0.381	P=0.652 Z=−0.450
		Village		93.01	98.46
	Family History of Diabetes	Yes		90.81	90.28	P=0.432 Z=−0.785	P=0.385 Z=−0.868
		No		97.56	97.79
	Diabetes Complications in Family	Yes		86.26	78.13	P=0.437 Z=−0.778	P=0.146 Z=−1.454
		No		96.53	97.43
	OC	Yes		85.25	98.13	P=0.303 Z=−1.031	P=0.792 Z=−0.263
		No		97.13	95.08
Kruskal Wallis	Type of OC	Cardiovascular Comp.		109.14	112.18	P=0.176 K^2=6.329	P=0.635 K^2=2.551
		Eye Comp.		61.25	104.00
		Renal Comp.		30.75	97.75
		Other Comp.		83.86	71.14
	Income (USD/Month)	< 300		92.43	92.84	P=0.129 K^2=4.099	P=0.274 K^2=2.586
		300 – 400		117.04	110.63
		> 400		96.00	112.10
	Job	Employee		125.54	109.16	P=0.002* K^2=26.192	P=0.497 K^2=8.378
		Self-Employment		106.70	74.90
		Workless		81.70	103.60
		Retired		68.03	92.78
		Military		116.60	69.10
		Home Made		90.39	93.49
		Student		107.69	120.88
		Farmer-Herdsman		62.73	91.40
		Driver		80.06	103.63
		Other		132.50	103.00
	Education	Illiterate		90.81	80.44	P=0.000* K^2=35.519	P=0.000* K^2=30.007
		Elementary		79.36	88.72
		Secondary Education		91.73	87.12
		High School		107.87	115.39
		College		172.69	160.78
	Marriage	Single		99.49	95.74	P=0.315 K^2=3.545	P=0.909 K^2=0.542
		Married		79.41	100.47
		Divorced		82.21	87.84
		Widow		86.00	99.31

Note: *Significant at 0.05.

Table 6 Relationship Between Quantitative Variables with Severity of Foot Ulcer

Parameter	Severity of Foot Ulcer
	H	P-value
Function	0.89	0.82
Awareness	1.4	0.70
Age	4.04	0.25
Durationof illness	3.16	0.36

Table 7 Relationship Between Qualitative Variables With Severity of Foot Ulcer

Parameter	Values	Severity of Foot Ulcer				Statistics
		G1	G2	G3	G4
Gender	Female	41 (37.6)	51 (46.8)	13 (11.9)	4 (3.7)	P= 0.21
	Male	37 (45.7)	38 (3.7)	3 (3.7)	3 (3.7)
Location	City	57 (41.0)	67 (48.2)	11 (7.9)	4 (2.9)	P= 0.73
	Village	21 (41.2)	22 (43.1)	5 (9.8)	3 (5.9)
Education	Illiterate	13 (37.1)	17 (48.6)	4 (11.4)	1 (2.9)	P= 0.97
	Elementary	27 (39.1)	35 (50.7)	5 (7.2)	2 (2.9)
	Secondary Education	21 (41.2)	23 (45.1)	5 (9.8)	2 (3.9)
	High School	11 (57.9)	6 (31.6)	1 (5.3)	1(5.3)
	College	6 (37.5)	8 (50.0)	1 (6.3)	1 (6.3)
Marriage	Single	62 (42.2)	69 (46.9)	12 (8.2)	4 (2.7)	P= 0.93
	Married	7 (43.8)	7 (43.8)	1 (6.3)	1 (6.3)
	Divorced	6 (31.6)	10 (52.6)	2 (10.5)	1 (5.3)
	Widow	3 (37.5)	3 (37.5)	1 (12.5)	1 (12.5)
Job	Employee	17 (50.0)	13 (38.2)	4 (11.8)	0	P=0.51
	Self-Employment	8 (40.0)	10 (50.0)	1 (5.0)	1 (5.0)
	Workless	0	4 (80.0)	1 (20.0)	0
	Retired	11 (55.0)	9 (45.0)	0	0
	Military	1 (20.0)	4 (80.0)	0	0
	Home Made	25 (35.2)	35 (49.3)	7 (9.9)	4 (5.6)
	Student	6 (75.0)	2 (25.0)	0	0
	Farmer-Herdsman	5 (33.3)	6 (40.0)	3 (20.0)	1 (6.7)
	Driver	4 (50.0)	3 (37.5)	0	1 (12.5)
	Other	1 (25.0)	3 (75.0)	0	0
Income (USD/Month)	<300	64 (39.5)	78 (48.1)	14 (8.6)	6 (3.7)	NA
	300–400	13 (56.5)	8 (34.8)	2 (8.7)	0
	>400	1 (20.0)	3 (60.0)	0	1 (20.0)
Family History of Diabetes	Yes	25 (43.1)	28 (48.3)	5 (8.6)	0	P=0.36
	No	53 (40.2)	61 (46.2)	11 (8.3)	7 (5.3)
Diabetes Complications in Family	Yes	6 (31.6)	10 (52.6)	3 (15.8)	0	P=0.43
	No	72 (42.1)	79 (46.2)	13 (7.6)	7 (4.1)
OC	Yes	13 (50.0)	9 (34.6)	1 (3.8)	3 (11.5)	P=0.06*
	No	65 (39.6)	80 (48.8)	15 (9.1)	4 (2.4)
Type of OC	Cardiovascular Comp.	4 (36.4)	5 (45.5)	1 (9.1)	1 (9.1)	NA
	Eye Comp.	4 (66.7)	2 (33.3)	0	0
	Renal Comp.	0	2 (100.0)	0	0
	Other Comp.	5 (71.4)	0	0	2 (28.6)

Note: *Significant at 0.05.