Adult Obesity and Health-Related Quality of Life, Patient Activation, Work Productivity, and Weight Loss Behaviors in the United States

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographics and Baseline Characteristics by Body Weight Category

	Normal Weight (BMI ≥18.5–<25 kg/m^2)	Overweight (BMI ≥25–<30 kg/m^2)	Class 1 Obesity (BMI ≥30–<35 kg/m^2)	Class 2 Obesity (BMI ≥35–<40 kg/m^2)	Class 3 Obesity (BMI ≥40 kg/m^2)	Combined Class 2 and 3 Obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m^2)
Total population, n	24,841	22,442	12,101	5768	4590	10,358
Total weighted population (represented in thousands)	78,479	74,006	41,293	20,258	15,850	36,108
Mean age, years	44.1	50.4^a,d,e,f	51.0^a,b,d,e,f	48.9^a,e	46.9^a	48.0^a
Age category, %
18–34 years	39.2^b,c,d,e,f	22.9^c	20.5	23.1^c	24.7^b,c	23.8^c
35–44 years	15.6	15.8	15.5	17.5^a,b,c	20.2^a,b,c,d	18.7^a,b,c
45–54 years	14.1	17.7^a	19.5^a,b	19.6^a,b	21.8^a,b,c,d	20.6^a,b
55–64 years	13.5	18.7^a	20.4^a,b	20.5^a,b	19.1^a	19.9^a,b
≥65 years	17.6^e	25.0^a,d,e,f	24.2^a,d,e,f	19.3^a,e	14.2	17.0
Gender, %
Female	56.9^b,c,d	43.9	48.4^b	53.7^b,c	60.2^a,b,c,d	56.6^b,c
Male	43.1^e	56.1^a,c,d,e,f	51.6^a,d,e,f	46.3^a,e	39.8	43.4
Race/Ethnicity, %
White	62.1	65.0^a,d,f	65.0^a,d	63.1	64.2^a	63.6^a
Hispanic	15.7	15.7	15.8	17.2^a,b,c,e	15.1	16.3
African American	10.8	11.2	13.1^a,b	14.3^a,b	15.4^a,b,c	14.8^a,b,c
American Indian	0.4	0.6^a	0.7^a	0.6	0.6	0.6^a
Asian	8.1^b,c,d,e,f	4.6^c,d,e,f	2.4^d,e,f	1.4^e	0.8	1.1
Mixed	2.0	1.8	2.0	2.4^b	3.0^a,b,c	2.7^a,b,c
Other	1.0	1.1	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.9
Marital status, %
Married	41.4	50.3^a,c,d,e,f	48.9^a,d,e,f	44.6^a,e	40.7	42.9^a
Single, never married	37.0^b,c,d,e,f	26.7^c	25.5	29.8^b,c	34.0^b,c,d	31.7^b,c
Divorced	8.7	10.0^a	11.5^a,b	12.4^a,b	11.2^a,b	11.9^a,b
Separated	1.0	1.2	1.4^a	1.7^a,b	1.8^a,b	1.7^a,b
Widowed	4.5	5.2^a	5.9^a,b,d,e,f	4.9	5.0	4.9
Living with partner	7.2^b	6.3	6.7	6.5	7.1	6.8
Decline to answer	0.3^c,d,f	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Household income, %
<$25,000	17.9^b	15.7	18.9^a,b	23.7^a,b,c	29.4^a,b,c,d	26.2^a,b,c
$25,000–<$50,000	23.7	25.5^a	27.6^a,b	28.1^a,b	30.2^a,b,c,d	29.0^a,b,c
$50,000–<$75,000	18.8	19.6^a,e	19.6^e	19.3	17.9	18.7
$75,000–<$100,000	13.4^c,d,e,f	13.7^c,d,e,f	12.4^e,f	11.5^e	9.3	10.6
$100,000–<$125,000	7.8^c,d,e,f	7.9^c,d,e,f	6.8^d,e,f	5.8^e	4.6	5.3
$125,000–<$150,000	4.7^d,e,f	5.0^c,d,e,f	4.4^d,e,f	3.3	2.5	2.9
$150,000–<$200,000	3.7^c,d,e,f	4.0^c,d,e,f	3.2^d,e,f	2.6^e	1.6	2.1
≥$200,000	3.5^c,d,e,f	3.1^c,d,e,f	2.2^d,e,f	1.6^e	0.9	1.2
Decline to answer	6.6^b,c,d,e,f	5.3^d,e,f	4.9^e,f	4.3	3.6	4.0
Level of education, %
High school or less	23.3	22.6	24.3^b	26.0^a,b,c	28.7^a,b,c,d	27.2^a,b,c
Some college or associate’s degree	40.1	42.9^a	46.6^a,b	49.7^a,b,c	49.9^a,b,c	49.8^a,b,c
College graduate	36.4^b,c,d,e,f	34.4^c,d,e,f	29.0^d,e,f	24.3^e	21.3	23.0
Decline to answer	0.2^c,d,e,f	0.1^f	0.1	0.05	0.02	0.03
Mean CCI score	0.32	0.41^a	0.56^a,b	0.64^a,b,c	0.75^a,b,c,d	0.68^a,b,c
CCI score, %
0	82.8^b,c,d,e,f	75.2^c,d,e,f	67.7^d,e,f	64.1^e	58.4	61.6
1	10.0	15.8^a	19.8^a,b	20.9^a,b	24.5^a,b,c,d	22.5^a,b,c
2	4.2	5.5^a	7.1^a,b	8.7^a,b,c	9.2^a,b,c	8.9^a,b,c
3	1.3	1.8^a	2.9^a,b	3.4^a,b	4.3^a,b,c,d	3.8^a,b,c
≥4	1.6	1.6	2.5^a,b	2.9^a,b	3.7^a,b,c	3.2^a,b,c
T2DM, %	3.3	9.1^a	15.2^a,b	19.7^a,b,c	25.3^a,b,c,d	22.1^a,b,c

Notes: ^aP<0.05 compared with normal weight. ^bP<0.05 compared with overweight. ^cP<0.05 compared with class 1 obesity. ^dP<0.05 compared with class 2 obesity. ^eP<0.05 compared with class 3 obesity. ^fP<0.05 compared with combined class 2/3 obesity.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Figure 1 NHWS Results by BMI Category (A) Mean SF-36v2, (B) PAM, and (C) WPAI Scores.

Notes: ^aP<0.05 compared with normal weight. ^bP<0.05 compared with overweight. ^cP<0.05 compared with class 1 obesity. ^dP<0.05 compared with class 2 obesity. ^eP<0.05 compared with class 3 obesity. ^fP<0.05 compared with combined class 2/3 obesity.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; MCS, mental component score; NHWS, National Health and Wellness Survey; PAM^®, Patient Activation Measure^®; PCS, physical component score; SF-36v2, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey; WPAI, Work Productivity and Activity Impairment.