Dietary Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Among the Family Members of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Its Influence on the KAP of T2DM Patients

Figures & data

Table 1 Association Between the HbA1c Level and Dietary Practice of T2DM Patients

	HbA1c (%)
Dietary practice	−0.218**
Cooking habits and self-monitoring	−0.152*
Bad diet preferences	−0.344**
Reducing and increasing rate of blood glucose and hypoglycemia prevention	−0.119**
Management of vegetables and meat	−0.087*

Notes: **P<0.01, *P<0.05.

Table 2 KAP Score with Regard Diabetes Diet (DD) Among T2DM Patients in Total and Each Dimensions (n = 236)

		Number of Items	Item Mean Score (x ± s)
Knowledge	DD knowledge	16	2.33±0.60
	Ratio and sources of three main macronutrients	3	2.16±0.73
	Nutrient composition and calculation	9	2.17±0.65
	Dietary general knowledge	4	2.81±0.70
Attitude	DD attitude	11	3.03±0.44
	Knowledge of importance of DDs	2	3.46±0.57
	Belief in diet management	9	2.94±0.48
Practice	DD practice	18	2.77±0.38
	Cooking habits and self-monitoring	7	2.92±0.47
	Bad preference	4	2.97±0.41
	Reducing the increasing rate of blood glucose	4	2.42±0.57
	Management of vegetables and meat	3	2.65±0.58

Table 3 KAP Score Regarding Diabetes Diets (DD) Among Family Members in Total and Each Dimensions (n = 236)

		Number of Items	Item Mean Score (x±s)
Knowledge	DD knowledge	16	2.37±0.55
	Ratio and sources of three main macronutrients	3	2.19±0.67
	Nutrient composition and calculation	9	2.24±0.59
	Dietary general knowledge	4	2.80±0.68
Attitude	DD knowledge	11	3.08±0.48
	Knowledge of importance of DDs	2	3.46±0.59
	Confidence in diet management	9	2.99±0.53
Practice	DD practice	18	2.82±0.61
	Cooking habits and supervision	7	2.92±0.61
	Bad preference	4	2.93±0.69
	Reducing the increasing rate of blood glucose	4	2.65±0.73
	Management of vegetables and meat	3	2.71±0.74

Table 4 Association Between KAP Among T2DM Patients and Their Family Members

	1	2	3	4	5
1. Dietary knowledge of FMs	1
2. Dietary attitude of FMs	0.244**	1
3. Dietary practice of FMs	0.446**	0.454**	1
4. Dietary knowledge of T2DM patients	0.431**	0.181**	0.164*	1
5. Dietary attitude of T2DM patients	0.134*	0.506**	0.266**	0.297**	1
6. Dietary practice of T2DM patients	0.305**	0.252**	0.136*	0.407**	0.374**

Notes: **P<0.01,*P<0.

Table 5 Logistic Regression Analysis of the Dietary Practice of T2DM Patients

	Variables	B	SE	β	t	p	F	R ^2
Patients’ dietary practice							18.379	0.393
	(constant)				9.367	<0.001
	Patients’ dietary knowledge score	0.187	0.043	0.262	4.367	<0.001
	Patients’ dietary attitude score	0.390	0.077	0.277	5.082	<0.001
	Patients’occupation (unemployed)	2.154	0.734	0.157	2.934	0.004
	Patients’ family history of DM (yes)	−2.021	0.739	−0.145	−2.736	0.007
	Patients’ residence (rural areas)	−2.941	0.881	−0.175	−3.338	0.001
	FM’s sex (female)	−2.554	0.771	−0.177	−3.312	0.001
	FM’s dietary knowledge score	0.113	0.045	0.146	2.487	0.014
	Patients’complications (1+)	1.480	0.720ʹ	0.108	2.054	0.041

Abbreviations: B, unstandardized coefficients; SE, standard error of the unstandardized coefficient; β, standardized coefficient.