Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Factors Associated With It Among Adults of West Gojjam: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Adult People of West Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Variable	Frequency	Percentage
Age	Mean 32.7 ± 5.7 SD
Sex
Male	308	51.9
Female	286	48.1
Marital status
Single	175	29.5
Married	386	65
Divorced	18	3
Widowed	15	2.5
Ethnicity
Amhara	579	97.5
Tigre	11	1.9
Oromo	4	0.7
Educational status
No formal education	103	17.3
Primary school	104	17.5
Secondary school	137	23.1
College and above	250	42.1
Occupation
Government employee	203	34.2
Private organization employee	68	11.4
Private job	220	37.1
Student	66	11.1
Others	35	6.2
Monthly income (Birr)	Mean 3532.6 ± 121 SD

Table 2 Behavioral Characteristics and Dietary Practice of Adult People of West Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Variable	Frequency	Percentage
Current cigarette smoking status
Yes	19	3.2
No	575	96.8
Ever drink alcohol
Yes	390	65.7
No	204	34.3
Alcohol consumed in the last 1 month
Yes	363	93.1
No	27	6.9
Frequency of alcohol use in the last 1 month
Daily	95	26.2
5–6 days in a week	60	16.5
3–4 days in a week	74	20.4
1–2 days in a week	70	19.3
1–3 days in a month	64	17.6
Level of physical activity (n = 359)
Low	147	40.9
Moderate	142	39.6
High	70	19.5
Type of oil used for meal preparation (n = 536)
Vegetable oil (liquid at room t^0)	148	27.6
Vegetable oil (solid at room t^0)	359	60
Butter	29	5.4
Fruit consumed in a typical week
None	194	32.7
1–3 days	339	57.1
4–7 days	61	10.3
Vegetable consumed in a typical week
None	138	23.2
1–3 days	340	57.2
4–6 days	116	19.6

Table 3 Anthropometric Measures, Clinical Features and Biochemical Values of Adult People of West Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Variable	Frequency	Percentage
DM treatment
Yes	2	0.3
No	592	99.7
HTN treatment
Yes	7	1.2
No	587	98.8
Body mass index (kg/m^2)
Underweight	22	3.7
Normal	386	65
Overweight	168	28.3
Obesity	18	3
Systolic BP (mmHg)
≥130	163	27.4
<130	431	72.6
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
≥85	114	19.2
<85	480	80.8
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) for men (n = 308)
≥35	245	79.5
<35	63	20.5
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) for women (n = 286)
≥39	233	81.5
<39	53	18.5
Triglyceride (mg/dL)
≥150	252	42.4
<150	342	57.6
Fasting blood sugar (mg/dL)
≥110	138	23.2
<110	456	76.8
Metabolic syndrome
Yes	103	17.3
No	491	82.7

Table 4 Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Among Adult People of West Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Variable	Metabolic Syndrome		Odds Ratio (95% CI)
	Yes	No	Crude	Adjusted
Age	Mean 32.7 ± 5.7 SD		1.03 (1.01–1.05)*	1.02 (1.01 −1. 05)*
Sex
Male	62	246	1
Female	41	245	0.66 (0.43–1.02)	0.61 (0.31–1.20)
Occupation
Government employee	40	163	1	1
Private organization Employee	17	51	1.36 (0.71–2.56)	2.97 (1.25–7.04)*
Private job	31	189	0.66 (0.40–1.12)	1.24 (0.62–2.50)
Student	8	58	0.56 (0.25–1.23)	1.57 (0.56–4.43)
Others	7	31	0.95 (0.40–2.32)	0.74 (0.16–3.32)
Ever drink alcohol
Yes	75	315	1	1
No	28	176	0.67 (0.42–1.07)	0.84 (0.40–1.74)
Level of physical activity
Low	48	99	1	1
Moderate	22	121	0.36 (0.20–0.64)*	0.28 (0.14–0.56)*
High	13	57	0.47 (0.24–0.94)*	0.42 (0.18–0.97)*
Oil used for meal preparation
Vegetable oil (liquid at room t^0)	27	121	1	1
Vegetable oil (solid at room t^0)	55	304	0.65 (0.40–1.07)	0.66 (0.35–1.26)
Butter	12	17	3.16 (1.35–7.40)*	2.62 (1.87–7.86)*
Fruit consumed in a typical week
None	43	151	1	1
1–3 days	53	286	0.65 (0.42–1.02)	0.76 (0.36–1.62)
4–7 days	7	54	0.45 (0.12–1.07)	0.39 (0.12–1.26)
Vegetable consumed in a typical week
None	34	104	1	1
1–3 days	52	288	0.55 (0.34–0.90)	0.93 (0.42–2.08)
4–6 days	17	99	0.53 (0.28–1.01)	1.14(0.40–3.32)

Note: *Significance at P value <0.05.