Association of Insulin Glargine Treatment with Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants

Parameters^a	Control Group	ORL Group	CGI Group	Combined DM Group
	n=30	n=25	n=25	n=50
Male/female (n/n)	20/10	17/8	18/7	35/15
Age (years)	42.34±6.71	44.44±8.13	42.60±9.25	43.47±9.37
Disease duration (years)	–	5.010±3.16	6.52±3.36	5.91±3.39
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.77±2.52	27.76±7.21	27.79±3.89	27.78±5.73
ALP (U/L)	51.80±15.07	68.08±25.55	50.96±15.67	59.52±22.69
ALT (U/L)	22.10±11.14	25.32±12.19	44.60±28.54*	34.96±23.80
AST (U/L)	22.60±8.42	18.44±6.21	26.60±11.93*	22.52±10.28
FPG (mmol/L)	5.20±0.44	10.53±2.04^#	10.41±2.76^#	10.47±2.41^#
HbA1c (%)	5.05±0.491	8.84±1.78^#	8.59±1.67^#	8.71±1.71^#
TC (mmol/L)	181.43±32.93	170.44±49.69	170.64 ±34.62	170.54±42.38

Notes: ^aValues are mean ± SD unless specified. *P <0.05 vs the ORL group; ^#P <0.05 vs the control group.

Abbreviations: ORL, oral glucose-lowering medication; CGI, oral glucose-lowering medication in combination with insulin glargine injection; DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; TC, total cholesterol.

Table 2 BMD According to T2DM and Treatment Status

BMD (g/cm^2)^a
Site	Control Group	ORL Group	CGI Group	Combined DM Group
	n=30	n=25	n=25	n=50
L1	1.036±0.124	0.934±0.110	0.994±0.107	0.957±0.132
L2	1.073±0.120	0.951±0.127	1.038±0.131*	0.984±0.158^#
L3	1.094±0.129	0.956±0.136	1.041±0.140*	0.991±0.163^#
L4	1.089±0.130	0.944±0.137	1.039±0.146*	0.982±0.165^#
L2–L4	1.080±0.122	1.055±0.081	1.154±0.125*	1.104±0.115
Femoral neck	0.857±0.103	0.856±0.067	0.902±0.163	0.881±0.156
Trochanter	0.749±0.107	0.761±0.120	0.828±0.178	0.804±0.163

Notes: ^aValues are mean±SD unless specified. *P <0.05 vs the ORL group; ^#P <0.05 vs the control group.

Abbreviations: ORL, oral glucose-lowering medication; CGI, oral glucose-lowering medication in combination with insulin glargine injection; DM, diabetes mellitus; BMD, bone mineral density.

Table 3 Bone Metabolism Indices According to T2DM and Treatment Status

Metabolic Indexes^a	Control Group	ORL Group	CGI Group	Combined DM Group
	n=30	n=25	n=25	n=50
Serum Cre (μmol/L)	62.27±10.83	51.92±10.64	59.52±16.07	55.72±14.02
Serum Ca (mmol/L)	2.27±0.17	1.98±0.20	2.19±0.11*	2.02±0.22^#
Serum P (mmol/L)	1.20±0.15	1.58±0.43	1.28±0.20*	1.43±0.37^#
PTH (pg/mL)	31.52±8.96	26.64±8.46	21.75±10.4	24.19±9.71^#
CT (ng/mL)	–	0.49±1.30	0.73±1.44	0.61±1.32

Notes: ^aValues are mean ± SD unless specified. *P <0.05 vs the ORL group; ^#P <0.05 vs the control group.

Abbreviations: ORL, oral glucose-lowering medication; CGI, oral glucose-lowering medication in combination with insulin glargine injection; DM, diabetes mellitus; serum Cre, serum creatinine; Serum Ca, serum calcium; Serum P, serum phosphate; PTH, parathyroid hormone; CT, calcitonin.

Table 4 Binary Logistic Regression Analysis of Related Indicators

	B	S.E.	Wald	Sig.	Exp(B)
sBMD(L2-L4)	0.011	0.005	4.892	0.027	1.011
Serum Ca	0.446	0.185	5.831	0.016	1.563
Serum P	0.082	1.594	0.003	0.959	1.085
ALT	−0.857	0.954	0.806	0.369	0.425
AST	1.214	1.290	0.885	0.347	3.366

Abbreviations: BMD, bone mineral density; Serum Ca, serum calcium; Serum P, serum phosphate; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase.