Blood Glucose and Renal Function Evaluation in Patients with Viral Hepatitis

Figures & data

Table 1 Basic Data of the Control and VH Groups (t Test)

Group	All (N = 491)	Control (T) (n = 244)	Viral Hepatitis (V) (n = 247)	P
Male	221	85	136
Female	270	159	111
Age, year	50.7 ± 11.5	50.4 ± 7.6	50.9 ± 14.4
GOT, U/L	27.4 ± 27.9	18.3 ± 4.4	34.6 ± 35.6***	<0.001***
Glucose, mg/dL	101.2 ± 29.0	94.1 ± 8.4	108.2 ± 38.8***	<0.001***
eAG(GA), mg/dL	202.8 ± 52.3	169.3 ± 16.1	208.2 ± 54.1***	<0.001***
eAG(HbA1c), mg/dL	128.5 ± 35.4	111.9 ± 7.0	131.6 ± 37.6***	<0.001***
Cr, mg/dL	0.82 ± 0.29	0.75 ± 0.17	0.89 ± 0.37***	<0.001***
Cys C, mg/L	0.90 ± 0.30	0.79 ± 0.14	0.92 ± 0.32*	=0.019*
β2-MG, ug/dL	2.12 ± 1.07	1.70 ± 0.50	2.19 ± 1.12**	=0.006**
MA, mg/dL (mini, max)	22.3 ± 105.2 (0, 864)	9.9 ± 29.9 (0, 127)	24.7 ± 114.2 (0, 864)

Notes: *P <0.05, **P <0.01, ***P <0.001; compare each with the control group.

Abbreviations: GOT, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; eAG(GA), estimated average glucose of glycated albumin; eAG(HbA1c); HbA1c-derived average glucose; Cr, serum creatinine; Cys C, cystatin C; β₂-MG, β₂-microglobulin; MA, microalbumin; eGFRcys, estimated glomerular filtration rate level with calculated by Cys C.

Table 2 Basic Data of the Three Subgroups of HBV, HCV, and HBV-HCV (ANOVA)

Group	Control (T) (n = 244)	HBV (B) (n = 145)	HCV (C) (n = 58)	HBV-HCV (O) (n = 44)	p	Scheffe Post Hot
Male	85	84	22	30
Female	159	61	36	14
Age, year	50.4 ± 7.6	49.7 ± 15.2	53.9 ± 11.7	50.7 ± 14.7	0.120
GOT, U/L	18.3 ± 4.4	31.1 ± 35.0	34.7 ± 31.6	46.0 ± 27.9	<0.001	T<B, C, O; B<O; C<O
Glucose, mg/dL	94.1 ± 8.4	105.9 ± 34.7	112.4 ± 37.0	110.4 ± 52.3	<0.001	T<B, C, O
eAG(GA), mg/dL	169.3 ± 16.1	204.7 ± 52.0	223.6 ± 65.2	201.0 ± 42.3	<0.001	T<B, C
eAG(HbA1c), mg/dL	111.9 ± 7.0	129.9 ± 36.3	137.7 ± 42.9	129.0 ± 34.1	<0.001	T<B, C
Cr, mg/dL	0.75 ± 0.17	0.87 ± 0.30	0.93 ± 0.52	0.89 ± 0.32	<0.001	T<B, C, O
Cys C, mg/L	0.79 ± 0.14	0.89 ± 0.25	1.05 ± 0.50	0.89 ± 0.20	<0.001	T< C; B< C
β2-MG, ug/dL	1.70 ± 0.50	2.05 ± 0.94	2.65 ± 1.55	2.07 ± 0.83	<0.001	T< C; B< C
MA, mg/dL (mini, max)	9.9 ± 29.9 (0, 127)	25.8 ± 120.1 (0, 864)	16.3 ± 59.6 (0, 430)	32.4 ± 63.5 (0, 795)	0.659

Abbreviations: GOT, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; eAG(GA), estimated average glucose of glycated albumin; eAG(HbA1c); HbA1c-derived average glucose; Cr, serum creatinine; Cys C, cystatin C; β₂-MG, β₂-microglobulin; MA, microalbumin; eGFRcys, estimated glomerular filtration rate level with calculated by Cys C.

Figure 1 The glucose values (A) creatinine values (B) and eGFRcys (C) of the HBV, HCV, HBV-HCV subgroups and the control group showed significant differences; (D) average level of eGFRcys was different between the high eAG(GA) and low eAG(GA) groups of patients with viral hepatitis. (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001).

Table 3 The Compare of Prevalence Rates of eGFRcys <60 mL/Min/1.73m² in the Control Group, VH Group, and Subgroups (Chi-Square Test)

Group	eGFRcys			X ^2
	Mean ± SD	≥ 60; N (%)	< 60; N (%)	P
Control	104.7 ± 20.6	243 (99.6)	1 (0.4)	<0.001***
Viral Hepatitis	90.7 ± 25.4	222 (89.9)	25 (10.1)	<0.001***
HBV	93.3 ± 23.8	134 (92.4)	11 (7.6)
HCV	82.0 ± 29.9	45 (77.6)	13 (22.4)
HBV-HCV	93.5 ± 22.3	43 (97.7)	1 (2.3)
HbA1c
≦ 6.5%	97.9 ± 22.4	368 (97.9)	8 (2.1)	<0.001***
> 6.5%	83.4 ± 24.1	97 (84.3)	18 (15.7)

Notes: ***P <0.001; compare each with the control group.

Abbreviations: HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HBV-HCV, hepatitis B+C co-infected; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin.

Table 4 The Average Levels of eGFRcys, eAG(GA), Glucose, eAG(HbA1c), Cr, Cys C, and β₂-Microglobulin in the High eAGe(GA) and Low eAG(GA) Groups of Patients with Viral Hepatitis (ANOVA)

Group	eGFRcys (mL/min/1.73 m^2)	Glucose (mg/dL)	eAG(GA) (mg/dL)	eAG(HbA1c) (mg/dL)	Cr (mg/dL)	Cys (mg/L)	β2MG (ug/dL)
Control	104.7±20.6	94.1±8.4	169.3±16.1	111.9±7.0	0.75±0.17	0.79±0.14	1.70±0.50
VH, neAG(GA)	96.8±21.5	97.0±18.8	176.5±14.3	117.7±18.0	0.83±0.20	0.86±0.21	1.88±0.75
VH, heAG(GA)	83.1±27.8***	121.7±51.1***	249.0±59.0***	148.4±47.1***	0.95±0.49*	1.01±0.41**	2.58±1.36***
HBV, neAG(GA)	97.9±20.3	97.3±19.0	177.0±14.3	119.4±17.1	0.83±0.20	0.85±0.18	1.82±0.66
HBV, heAG(GA)	86.8±26.8**	117.0±45.8***	243.9±60.4***	143.6±48.4***	0.92±0.39	0.95±0.32	2.35±1.16**
HCV, neAG(GA)	92.8±24.8	95.0±12.0	178.5±16.0	112.8±19.5	0.79±0.21	0.92±0.32	2.12±1.11
HCV, heAG(GA)	72.8±31.2**	127.5±44.4***	265.2±66.0***	159.4±46.0***	1.05±0.67***	1.18±0.62**	3.11±1.74***
HBV-HCV, neAG(GA)	97.3±22.6	98.2±20.2	172.9±12.5	117.2±18.9	0.89±0.16	0.85±0.17	1.82±0.55
HBV-HCV, heAG(GA)	88.1±21.4	128.1±75.9***	240.8±37.2***	146.0±43.6**	0.89±0.48	0.94±0.24	2.43±1.02

Notes: *P <0.05, **P <0.01, ***P <0.001; Compare each with the control group.

Abbreviations: eAG(GA), estimated average glucose of glycated albumin; neAG(GA), eAG(GA) <200 mg/dL group; heAG(GA), eAG(GA) ≥200 mg/dL group.

Table 5 The Risk of Renal Impairment in the Control Group, VH Group, and Combine Hyperglycemia with VH Subgroups (Logistic Regression Models)

Group	OR	P	95% C.I. for OR
			Lower	Upper
Viral Hepatitis
Control	ref
VH	1.604	0.001***	1.20	2.14
Hyperglycemia	1.832	0.010**	1.16	2.90
Hyperglycemia with VH	36.98	0.001**	4.44	307.72

Notes: **P <0.01, ***P <0.001; compare each with the control group.

Abbreviation: VH, viral hepatitis.