Prevalence of Prediabetes and Related Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Employees of Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Study Participants (n = 265)

Variables		Male, N (%)	Female, N (%)	Total, N (%)
Marital status	Married	41 (15.5)	100 (37.7)	141 (53.2)
	Single	51 (19.2)	56 (21.1)	107 (40.4)
	Divorced	0 (0)	13 (4.9)	13 (4.9)
	Widowed	1 (0.4)	3 (1.1)	4 (1.5)
Age	20–29	41(15.5)	95(35.8)	136(51.3)
	30–39	40(15.1)	55(20.8)	95(35.8)
	40–49	9(3.4)	16(6.0)	25(9.4)
	50–59	3(1.1)	6(2.3)	9(3.4)
Occupation	Nurse	29(10.9)	88 (33.2)	117 (44.2)
	Laboratory	8 (3.0)	9 (3.4)	17 (6.4)
	Pharmacy	6 (2.3)	11 (4.2)	17 (6.4)
	Physician	19 (7.2)	10 (3.8)	29 (11.0)
	Supportive	26 (9.8)	47 (17.7)	73 (27.5)
	Others	5 (1.9)	7 (2.6)	12 (4.5)
Educational status	Primary school (1–8)	0 (0.0)	6 (2.3)	6 (2.3)
	Secondary school (9–12)	2 (0.8)	14 (5.3)	16 (6.0)
	High-grade completed (college, University)	91 (34.3)	152 (57.4)	243 (91.7)
Monthly income, ETB	601–1650.00	6(2.3)	6(2.3)	12(4.5)
	1651.00–3200.00	17(6.4)	35(13.2)	52(19.6)
	3201.00–5250.00	26(9.8)	60(22.6)	86(32.5)
	5251–7800	30(11.3)	36(13.6)	66(24.9)
	7801–10,900	8(3.0)	23(8.7)	31(11.7)
	>10,900	6(2.3)	12(4.5)	18(6.8)

Abbreviation: ETB, Ethiopian Birr.

Table 2 Anthropometric and Biochemical Characteristics of Participants by Glycemic Level (N= 265)

Feature		FBS <110 mg/dl	FBS ≥110 mg/dl	Total	P. value
BMI	21.36 (17.76, 25.69)*
	<18.5 kg/m2	59 (24.5)	0 (00)	59 (22.3)	0.000
	18.5–24.9 kg/m2	148 (61.4)	15 (62.5)	163 (61.5)
	≥ 25 kg/m2	34 (14.1)	9 (37.5)	43 (16.2)
WC (male)	84.45 (74.05, 96.30)*
	< 94 cm	197(94.7)	50 (87.7)	247 (93.2)	0.065
	≥ 94 cm	11 (5.3)	7 (12.3)	18 (6.8)
WC (female)	80.61 (69.31, 93.76)*
	< 80 cm	134 (64.4)	34 (59.6)	168 (63.4)	0.30
	≥ 80 cm	74 (35.6)	23 (40.4)	97 (36.6)
WHR (male)	0.19 (0.13, 0.26)*
	< 0.9 cm	176 (84.6)	44 (77.2)	220 (83)	0.13
	≥ 0.9 cm	32 (15.4)	13 (22.8)	45 (17)
WHR (female)	0.18 (0.12, 0.28)*
	< 0.85 cm	160 (76.9)	37 (64.9)	197 (74.3)	0.05
	≥ 0.85 cm	48 (23.1)	20 (35.1)	68 (25.7)
WHtR	0.25 (0.20, 0.30)*
	< 0.5	116 (48.1)	3 (12.5)	119 (44.9)	0.000
	≥ 0.5	125 (51.9)	21(87.5)	146 (55.1)
SBP	112.3 (13.53)#
	< 130 mmHg	222 (48.1)	20 (83.3)	242 (91.3)	0.141
	≥ 130 mmHg	19 (7.9)	4 (16.7)	23 (8.7)
DBP	71.31(9.8)#
	< 85 mmHg	224 (92.9)	23 (95.8)	247 (93.2)	0.499
	≥ 85 mmHg	17 (7.1)	1 (0.4)	18 (6.8)
Total CHOL	156.31 (125.2, 195.1)*
	< 200 mg/dl	216 (89.6)	20 (83.3)	236 (89.1)	0.259
	≥ 200 mg/dl	25 (10.4)	4 (16.7)	29 (10.9)
LDL	84.55 (60.75, 117.67)*
	< 100 mg/dl	176 (73)	15 (62.5)	191 (72.1)	0.193
	≥ 100 mg/dl	65 (27)	9 (37.5)	74 (27.9)
HDL (male)	40.64 (32.65, 50.60)*
	< 40 mg/dl	201 (83.4)	17 (70.8)	218 (82.3)	0.108
	≥ 40 mg/dl	40 (16.6)	7 (29.2)	47 (17.7)
HDL (female)	47.63 (39.29, 57.74)*
	< 50 mg/dl	149 (61.8)	12 (50)	161 (60.8)	0.18
	≥ 50 mg/dl	92 (38.2)	12 (50)	104 (39.2)
TAG	100 (74.69, 133.88)*
	< 150 mg/dl	149 (80.5)	7 (29.2)	201 (75.8)	0.00
	≥ 150 mg/dl	47 (19.5)	17 (70.8)	64 (24.2)

Notes: * Geometric mean (95% confidence interval), #Arithmetic mean (Standard deviation), frequency (%).

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; WHR, Waist to hip ratio; WHtR, Waist to height ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; CHOL, cholesterol; LDL, lowdensity lipoprotein; HDL, High density lipoprotein; TAG, Triacylglycerol.

Figure 1 Fasting blood sugar levels across age categories (based on IDF).

Table 3 Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome by Classification Criteria, Sex, Age Category, and Glycemic Level (n=265)

Features		IDF Criteria		Revised NCEP ATP III Criteria
		No MetS	MetS	No MetS	MetS
Overall		219 (82.6)^	46 (17.4)	207 (78.1)	58 (21.9)
Sex	Male	81 (87.1)	12 (12.9)	71 (76.3)	22 (23.7)
	Female	138 (80.2)	34 (19.8)	136 (79.1)	36 (20.9)
Age category	20–39	201 (87)	30 (13)	191 (82.7)	40 (17.3)
	40–59	18 (52.9)	16 (47.1)	16 (47.1)	18 (52.9)
FBS ADA	< 100 mg/dl	188 (90.4)	20 (9.6)	186 (89.4)	22 (10.6)
FBS IDF	≥100 mg/dl	31 (54.4)	26 (45.6)	21 (36.8)	36 (63.2)
	< 110 mg/dl	209 (95.4)	32 (69.6)	201 (97.1)	40 (69)
	≥110 mg/dl	10 (4.6)		6 (2.9)	18 (31)

Note: ^- frequency (%).

Abbreviations: FBS, Fasting blood sugar; ADA, American Diabetes Association; IDF, International Diabetes Federation.

Figure 2 Prevalence of derangement among components of metabolic syndrome (IDF).