Blood Levels of Glycated Hemoglobin, D-Dimer, and Fibrinogen in Diabetic Retinopathy

Figures & data

Table 1 Comparison of Baseline Clinical and Ophthalmic Characteristics Between the Control Group and the NDR, NPDR, and PDR Groups

Group	Control Group (n=20)	NDR (n=23)	NPDR (n=17)	PDR (n=21)	χ2/Z	P
Gender					1.120	0.290
Male	8	11	10	9
Female	12	12	7	12
Age	64 (30, 80)	59 (27, 79)	62 (34, 75)	56 (24, 72)	1,414	0.157
Course of disease	—	5 (1, 9)	8 (4, 13) ^b	10 (5, 15) ^bc	74.01	<0.001
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)	5.33±1.30	9.42±2.11^a	9.28±0.84^a	9.46±1.55^a	62.90	<0.001

Notes: ^aCompared with control group, P<0.05; ^bCompared with NDR group, P<0.05; ^cCompared with NPDR group, P<0.05.

Table 2 Comparison of HbA1c, D-D, FIB Between Control Group and NDR, NPDR and PDR Groups

Groups	Number of Patients(n)	HbA1c (%)	D-D(mg/l)	FIB(g/l)
Control group	20	4.9(4.1, 5.8)	0.36±0.17	2.97±0.67
NDR group	23	6.8(5.2, 7.7)^a	0.39±0.21	3.07±0.42
NPDR group	17	7.4(5.8, 9.0)^ab	1.06±0.54 ^ab	4.38±0.54 ^ab
PDR group	21	8.5(6.3, 9.7)^abc	1.39±0.59^abc	4.46±1.09 ^ab
Z/F		16.411	20.599	15.322
p		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

Notes: For further two-by-two comparison, compared with the control group. ^aCompared with control group, P<0.05; ^bCompared with NDR group, P<0.05; ^cCompared with NPDR group, P<0.05.

Table 3 The Pairwise Comparison Between the Control Group, NDR, NPDR, and PDR Groups

Groups	Groups to Compare	Course of Disease	Fasting Blood Glucose (mmol/L)	HbA1c (%)	D-D(mg/l)	FIB(g/l)
NDR group	Control group	—	<0.001	<0.001	0.378	0.262
	NPDR group	<0.001	0.524	0.012	<0.001	<0.001
	PDR group	<0.001	0.915	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
NPDR group	Control group	—	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	PDR group	0.001	0.603	0.006	0.093	0.126
PDR group	Control group	—	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001