Association Between Different Obesity Patterns and the Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Adults in Eastern China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Comparison of Patients’ Characteristics Among Different Obesity Patterns (n = 5860)

Variables	Normal Weight (n = 2816)	Overweight and General Obesity (n = 1421)	Abdominal Obesity (n = 974)	Compound Obesity (n = 649)	p-value
Age (n, %)					<0.001
≥60 years	312 (11.1%)	176 (12.4%)	225 (23.1%)	94 (14.5%)
<60 years	2504 (88.9%)	1245 (87.6%)	751 (76.9%)	555 (85.5%)
Male (n,%)	1109 (39.4%)	1002 (70.5%)	789 (80.8%)	536 (82.6%)	<0.001
BMI (kg/m^2)	21.91 [20.45, 22.98]	25.35 [24.61, 26.31]	26.20 [25.25, 27.05]	29.55 [28.63, 30.86]	<0.001
WC (cm)	75.50 ± 6.63	84.13 ± 4.12	91.87 ± 3.38	97.53 ± 6.48	<0.001
HC (cm)	91.25 ± 13.69	96.00 ± 3.39	98.16 ± 3.56	103.64 ± 5.03	<0.001
Smoking (n,%)	423 (15.0%)	377 (26.5%)	380 (38.9%)	246 (37.9%)	<0.001
Drinking (n,%)	271 (9.6%)	265 (18.6%)	250 (25.6%)	164 (25.3%)	<0.001
SBP (mmHg)	113.73 ± 14.62	122.81 ± 15.19	124.60 ± 14.55	131.14 ± 15.73	<0.001
DBP (mmHg)	68.98 ± 9.41	74.34 ± 10.10	74.84 ± 10.37	80.56 ± 11.06	<0.001
Hypertension (n,%)	137 (4.9%)	173 (12.3%)	137 (14.3%)	161 (25.0%)	<0.001
TG (mmol/L)	0.94 [0.67, 1.40]	1.42 [0.98, 2.14]	1.65 [1.16, 2.40]	1.84 [1.32, 2.66]	<0.001
TC (mmol/L)	4.66 [4.11, 5.24]	4.79 [4.23, 5.39]	4.76 [4.27, 5.35]	4.79 [4.32, 5.43]	<0.001
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.86 [2.45, 3.32]	3.06 [2.63, 3.50]	3.07 [2.64, 3.47]	3.08 [2.71, 3.52]	<0.001
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.44 [1.23, 1.66]	1.23 [1.07, 1.40]	1.17 [1.03, 1.35]	1.13 [0.99, 1.28]	<0.001
FBG (mmol/L)	4.87 [4.63, 5.16]	5.07 [4.78, 5.48]	5.20 [4.90, 5.74]	5.29 [4.92, 5.91]	<0.001
Diabetes (n,%)	71 (2.5%)	77 (5.4%)	81 (8.3%)	66 (10.2%)	<0.001
HbA1c (%)	5.50 [5.30, 5.70]	5.60 [5.40, 5.80]	5.70 [5.50, 5.90]	5.80 [5.50, 6.10]	<0.001
WBC (×10^9/L)	5.47 [4.70, 6.40]	5.80 [4.95, 6.90]	6.00 [5.10, 7.00]	6.25 [5.32, 7.20]	<0.001
NE (×10^9/L)	2.97 [2.43, 3.66]	3.14 [2.58, 3.88]	3.21 [2.69, 3.94]	3.36 [2.80, 4.13]	<0.001
LY (×10^9/L)	1.84 [1.42, 2.23]	1.97 [1.53, 2.40]	1.93 [1.35, 2.41]	2.11 [1.63, 2.49]	<0.001
NLR	1.60 [1.26, 2.36]	1.61 [1.26, 2.25]	1.70 [1.31, 2.47]	1.76 [1.31, 2.27]	<0.001

Notes: Normally distributed continuous variables are presented as the mean ± standard deviation; Non-normally distributed continuous variables are presented as the mean [interquartile range]; Categorical variables are presented as the number (percentage).

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; HC, hip circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TG, triglycerides; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; WBC, white blood cells; NE, neutrophils; LY, lymphocytes; NLR, neutrophil to lymphocytes ratio.

Figure 1 Comparison of the T2DM incidence among different obesity patterns (n = 5860).

Table 2 Multivariate Logistic Regression Model of Associations Between Different Patterns of Obesity and T2DM Risk (n = 5860)

Obesity Patterns	Total	Diabetes (n, %)	Unadjusted Model		Model 1		Model 2
			OR [95% CI]	p-value	OR [95% CI]	p-value	OR [95% CI]	p-value
Normal weight	2816	71 (2.5%)	1.00	–	1.00	–	1.00	–
Overweight and general obesity	1421	77 (5.4%)	2.21 [1.59, 3.08]	<0.001	1.78 [1.26, 2.49]	0.001	1.38 [0.97, 1.96]	0.075
Abdominal obesity	974	81 (8.3%)	3.50 [2.52, 4.86]	<0.001	2.46[1.74, 3.48]	<0.001	1.55 [1.08, 2.24]	0.018
Compound obesity	649	66(10.2%)	4.38 [3.10, 6.19]	<0.001	3.09 [2.15, 4.45]	<0.001	1.85 [1.25, 2.73]	0.002

Notes: Model 1, adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and drinking; Model 2, adjusted for age, sex, smoking, drinking, hypertension, TG, HDL-C, and WBC.

Figure 2 Subgroup analyses for the risks of developing T2DM in the overweight and general obesity group compared with the normal-weight group.

Figure 3 Subgroup analyses for the risks of developing T2DM in the group with abdominal obesity compared with the normal-weight group.

Figure 4 Subgroup analyses for the risks of developing T2DM in the group with compound obesity compared with the normal-weight group.