Use of Eye Care Service and Associated Factors Among Adult Diabetic Patients Attending at Diabetic Clinics in Two Referral Hospitals, Northeast Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Study Participants Attending at Diabetic Clinics in Dessie and Debre Birhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, Northeast Ethiopia (n=531)

Variables	Frequency n (%)
Age (years)
18–39	180(33.9)
40–64	246(46.9)
≥65	102(19.2)
Sex
Male	259(48.8)
Female	272(51.2)
Residence
Urban	338(63.7)
Rural	193(36.3)
Current marital status
Currently single	162(30.5)
Currently married	369(69.5)
Education status
Non-formal education	177(33.3)
Primary school	58(10.9)
Secondary school	157(29.6)
College and above	139(26.2)
Occupational status
Farmer	158(29.8)
Housewife	71(13.4)
Unemployed	68(12.8)
Merchant	51(9.6)
Non-governmental employee	55(10.4)
Governmental Employee	80(15.0)
Others*	48(9.0)
Monthly income (Ethiopian birrs’)
<800	143(26.9)
801–2000	138(26.0)
2001–4000	129(24.3)
≥ 4001	121(22.8)
Health insurance
Yes	165(31.1)
No	366(68.9)

Notes: n =sample size; others* includes daily labor and retired; Month income was categorized based on interquartile range.

Table 2 Clinical Characteristics of Study Participants Attending Diabetic Clinics in Dessie and Debre-Birhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, Northeast Ethiopia, 2020 (n=531)

Variables	Frequency n (%)
Types of DM
Types –I	153(28.8)
Types- II	378(71.3)
Duration of diabetes since diagnosis (years)
≤5	271(51.04)
6–10	160(30.13)
≥11	100(18.83)
Presence of visual symptoms
Yes	228(42.9)
No	303(57.1)
Presenting vision in the better eye
Without visual impairment	326(61.4)
With visual impairment	205(38.6)
Presence of systemic co-morbidity
Yes	217(40.9)
No	314(59.1)
Knowledge about diabetic ocular complication
Poor	285(53.7)
Good	246(46.3)
Attitude on the need for a regular eye checkup
Poor	261(49.2)
Good	270(50.8)

Table 3 The Reasons for Not Using Eye Care Services Among Adult Diabetic Patients Within the Past 1 Year, Northwest Ethiopia (n=268)

Reasons	Frequency (%)
No need for eye examination since my vision is good	205(76.50)
I did not know I should undergo eye examination	51(19.02)
I cannot afford the cost of eye examination	8(2.99)
I had not time to undergo eye examination	4(3.99)

Table 4 Factors Associated with Use of Eye Care Service Among Adult Diabetic Patients Attending at Diabetic Clinics in Dessie and Debre Birhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, Northeast Ethiopia (n=531)

Variables	Use of Eye Yes	Care Service No	COR (95% of CI)	AOR (95% of CI)	P-value
Age (years)
18–39	19	161	1.00	1.00
40–64	93	156	5.05 (2.94, 5.51)	2.86 (1.43, 5.70)	0.003
≥65	55	47	9.92(5.36, 18.33)	3.15(1.32, 7.50)	0.002
Residence					0.45
Urban	128	210	2.41(1.59, 3.64)	0.70(0.27, 1.79)
Rural	39	154	1.00	1.00
Occupational status
Farmer	30	128	1.00	1.00
House wife	27	44	2.62(1.41, 4.88)	2.16(0.67, 6.96)	0.2
Unemployed	25	43	2.48(1.32, 4.67)	1.44(0.46, 4.44)	0.53
Merchant	15	36	1.78(0.86, 3.66)	0.97(0.29, 3.28)	0.96
Non-governmental Employee	20 35	2.44 (1.24, 4.80)	2.46(0.72, 8.44)	2.46(0.72,8.44)	0.15
Governmental employee	31	49	2.70(1.48, 4.92)	2.41(0.86, 6.73)	0.09
Others	19	29	2.80(1.39, 5.94)	2.28(0.64, 8.09)	0.20
Knowledge about diabetic ocular complication
Poor	51	234	1.00	1.00
Good	116	130	4.09(2.76, 6.07)	2.29(1.33, 3.94)	0.003
Attitude on the need for a regular eye checkup
Poor	38	223	1.00	1.00
Good	129	141	5.37(3.53, 8.16)	2.87(1.68, 4.92)	<0.0001
Duration of Diabetes since diagnosis (years)
≤ 5	49	222	1.00	1.00
6–10	58	102	2.58(1.65, 4.03)	2.15(1.26, 3.69)	0.005
≥11	60	40	6.80(4.10, 11.27)	2.93(1.51, 5.69)	0.002
Presence of visual symptoms
Yes	125	103	7.54(4.97, 11.45)	3.12(1.56, 6.18)	0.001
No	42	261	1.00	1.00
Presenting vision in the better eye					0.95
Without visual impairment	57	269	1.00	1.00
With visual impairment	110	95	5.46(3.68, 8.12)	1.78(0.91, 3.51)
Presence of systemic co-morbidity					0.57
Yes	108	109	4.28(2.90, 6.32)	0.84(0.47, 1.52)
No	59	225	1.00	1.00

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; COR, crude odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio.