Epidemiology of Isolated Impaired Glucose Tolerance Among Adults Aged Above 50 Years in Rural China

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of All Participants

Category	Men	Women	Total
Participants, n, (%)	1003 (46.1)	1172 (53.9)	2175 (100)
Age, means (SD), years	65.65 (7.59)	63.44 (7.61)	64.46 (7.68)
Age groups, n (%)
50~ years	198 (19.7)	394 (33.6)	592 (27.2)
60~years	299 (29.8)	296 (25.3)	595 (27.4)
65~years	251 (25.0)	268 (22.9)	519 (23.9)
≥70 years	255 (25.4)	214 (18.3)	469 (21.6)
Education, means (SD), years	6.64 (2.90)	4.58 (3.72)	5.53 (3.55)
Education, n (%),
≤6 years	495 (49.4)	782 (66.7)	1277 (58.7)
> 6 years	508 (50.6)	390 (33.3)	898 (41.3)
Income, n, (%)
< 2000 yuan	677 (67.5)	767 (65.4)	1444 (66.4)
2000~6000 yuan	300 (29.9)	370 (31.6)	670 (30.8)
>6000 yuan	26 (2.6)	35 (3.4)	61 (2.8)
Smoking status, n (%)
Never smoking	242 (24.5)	1108 (95.3)	1350 (62.7)
Ever smoking	248 (25.1)	11 (0.9)	259 (12.0)
Current smoking	499 (50.5)	44 (3.8)	543 (25.2)
Alcohol consumption, n, (%)
Never drinking	454 (28.4)	1143 (97.9)	1597 (74.0)
Ever drinking	124 (5.7)	7 (0.6)	131 (6.1)
Current drinking	414 (41.7)	17 (1.5)	431 (20.0)
Sleep duration, n, (%)
<5 hours	111 (11.2)	297 (25.5)	408 (19.0)
5~ hours	285 (28.8)	354 (30.4)	639 (29.7)
7~ hours	518 (52.4)	454 (39.0)	972 (45.1)
>9 hours	74 (7.5)	60 (5.2)	134 (6.2)
Physical exercise, n, (%)
No	399 (39.8)	445 (38.0)	844 (38.8)
Yes	604 (60.2)	727 (62.0)	1331 (61.2)
Hypertension, n, (%)
No	239 (23.9)	313 (26.8)	552 (25.4)
Yes	760 (76.1)	857 (73.2)	1617 (74.6)
BMI, means (SD), Kg/m2	24.88 (3.34)	25.94 (3.80)	25.45 (3.63)
BMI, n, (%)
Normal	411 (41.0)	357 (30.5)	768 (35.4)
Over weight	428 (42.7)	504 (43.1)	932 (42.9)
Obesity	164 (16.4)	308 (26.3)	472 (21.7)
Central obesity, n, (%)
No	658 (65.6)	587 (50.2)	1245 (57.3)
Yes	345 (34.4)	582 (49.8)	927 (42.7)
SBP, means (SD), mmHg	150.38 (20.64)	147.88 (19.38)	149.03 (20.00)
DBP, means (SD), mmHg	87.04 (11.40)	82.64 (10.06)	84.66 (10.92)
HR, means (SD), beats/min	70.49 (11.62)	72.94 (10.62)	71.81 (11.15)
FPG, means (SD), mmol/L	5.27 (0.45)	5.26 (0.43)	5.26 (0.44)
2-h PG, means (SD), mmol/L	6.49 (2.16)	6.97 (1.83)	6.75 (2.00)
WBC, means (SD), ×10^9/L	6.20 (1.66)	5.93 (1.54)	6.05 (1.60)
hs-CRP, means (SD), mg/L	2.20 (3.94)	2.20 (4.13)	2.20 (4.04)
SUA, means (SD), µmmol/L	330.01 (86.70)	270.75 (72.90)	298.08 (84.85)
TC, means (SD), mmol/L	4.90 (0.81)	5.29 (0.89)	5.11 (0.88)
TG, means (SD), mmol/L	1.33 (1.03)	1.60 (0.99)	1.47 (1.02)
HDL-C, means (SD), mmol/L	1.42 (0.47)	1.43 (0.41)	1.43 (0.44)
LDL-C, means (SD), mmol/L	2.95 (0.79)	3.24 (0.88)	3.10 (0.86)
ALT, means (SD), U/L	18.64 (15.21)	17.61 (10.12)	18.08 (12.73)
AST, means (SD), U/L	21.42 (12.96)	20.33 (7.32)	20.83 (10.32)
TBIL, means (SD), µmmol/L	11.10 (5.04)	9.01 (4.07)	9.98 (4.66)

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; 2-h PG, two-hour plasma glucose; WBC, white blood cell; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; SUA, serum uric acid; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness.

Table 2 The Prevalence of Isolated Impaired Glucose by Demographic Characteristics

Groups	Non-i-IGT	i–IGT	P
Participants n (%)	1677 (77.1)	498 (22.9)	—
Sex, n (%)			0.034
Men	794 (79.2)	209 (20.8)
Women	883 (75.3)	289 (24.7)
Age groups, n (%)			<0.001
50~years	483 (81.6)	109 (18.4)
60~years	475 (79.8)	120 (20.2)
65~years	392 (75.5)	127 (24.5)
≥70 years	327 (69.7)	1472 (30.3)
Education, n (%),			<0.001
≤6 years	945 (74.0)	332 (26.0)
> 6 years	732 (81.5)	166 (18.5)
Income, n, (%)			0.026
<2000 yuan	1090 (75.5))	354 (24.5)
2000~6000 yuan	535 (79.9)	135 (20.1)
>6000 yuan	52 (85.2)	9 (14.8)

Abbreviation: i–IGT, isolated impaired glucose tolerance.

Table 3 The Associated Factors of I–IGT for All Participants in the Univariate Analysis

Groups	NGT	i–IGT	P
Sex, n (%)			0.038
Men	762 (78.5)	209 (21.5)
Women	850 (74.6)	289 (25.4)
Age groups, n (%)			<0.001
50~years	477 (81.4)	109 (18.6)
60~years	456 (79.2)	120 (20.8)
65~years	376 (74.8)	127 (25.2)
≥70 years	303 (68.1)	1472 (31.9)
Education, n (%),			<0.001
≤6 years	901 (73.1)	332 (26.9)
> 6 years	711 (81.1)	166 (18.9)
Income, n, (%)			0.023
< 2000 yuan	1047 (74.7)	354 (25.3)
2000~6000 yuan	513 (79.2)	135 (20.8)
>6000 yuan	52 (85.2)	9 (14.8)
Smoking status, n (%)			0.004
Never smoking	978 (74.4)	336 (25.6)
Ever smoking	189 (75.9)	60 (24.1)
Current smoking	428 (81.7)	96 (18.3)
Alcohol consumption, n, (%)			0.142
Never drinking	1177 (75.6)	380 (24.4)
Ever drinking	94 (74.0)	33 (26.0)
Current drinking	328 (80.0)	82 (20.0)
sleep duration, n, (%)			0.426
<5 hours	287 (73.4)	104 (26.6)
5~ hours	481 (77.7)	138 (22.3)
7~ hours	729 (76.7)	222 (23.3)
>9 hours	100 (78.1)	28 (21.9)
Physical exercise, n, (%)			0.029
No	648 (78.9)	173 (21.1)
Yes	964 (74.8)	325 (25.2)
Hypertension, n, (%)			<0.001
No	461 (84.7)	83 (15.3)
Yes	1147 (73.5)	414 (26.5)
BMI, n, (%)			<0.001
Normal	613 (82.1)	134 (17.9)
Over weight	680 (75.1)	225 (24.9)
Obesity	317 (69.7)	138 (30.3)
Central obesity, n, (%)			<0.001
No	988 (81.2)	229 (18.8)
Yes	622 (69.9)	268 (30.1)
Heart rate, means (SD), beats/min	71.37 (11.05)	73.36 (11.52)	0.001
WBC, means (SD), ×10^9/L	5.94 (1.48)	6.39 (1.90)	<0.001
hs-CRP, means (SD), mg/L	1.91 (3.29)	3.04 (5.73)	<0.001
SUA, means (SD), μmmol/L	290.65 (79.58)	320.16 (95.70)	<0.001
TC, means (SD), mmol/L	5.08 (0.86)	5.21 (0.94)	0.004
TG, means (SD), mmol/L	1.40 (0.90)	1.69 (1.33)	<0.001
HDL-C, means (SD), mmol/L	1.44 (0.44)	1.37 (0.41)	0.001
LDL-C, means (SD), mmol/L	3.08 (0.84)	3.18 (0.90)	0.025
ALT, means (SD), U/L	17.54 (12.30)	19.83 (14.21)	0.001
AST, means (SD), U/L	20.55 (10.25)	21.58 (10.86)	0.054
TBIL, means (SD), µmmol/L	9.91 (4.59)	10.10 (4.73)	0.422

Abbreviations: NGT, normal glucose tolerance; i–IGT, isolated impaired glucose tolerance; DM, diabetes mellitus; SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; 2-h PG, two-hour plasma glucose; HR, heart rate; WBC, white blood cell; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; SUA, serum uric acid; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness.

Table 4 The Associated Factors of I–IGT in the Multivariate Analysis

Groups	Reference	OR	P
Sex	Women
Men		0.911 (0.635, 1.308)	0.615
Age groups	50~years
60~years		0.967 (0.685, 1.365)	0.847
65~years		1.344 (0.936, 1.930)	0.109
≥70 years		1.606 (1.101, 2.342)	0.014
Education	> 6 years
≤6 years		1.195 (0.916, 1.560)	0.190
Income	<2000 yuan
2000~6000 yuan		0.838 (0.643, 1.091)	0.189
>6000 yuan		0.676 (0.306, 1.493)	0.332
Smoking status	Never smoking
Ever smoking		0.875 (0.566, 1.355)	0.550
Current smoking		0.723 (0.494, 1.059)	0.096
Physical exercise	No
Yes		1.192 (0.938, 1.515)	0.152
Hypertension	No
Yes		1.554 (1.152, 2.095)	0.004
Central obesity	No
Yes		1.395 (1.099, 1.771)	0.006
Heart rate	—	1.009 (0.999, 1.019)	0.095
WBC	—	1.089 (1.009, 1.175)	0.029
hs-CRP	—	1.049 (1.020, 1.078)	0.001
SUA	—	1.003 (1.001, 1.004)	0.001
TC		0.523 (0.254, 1.079)	0.079
TG	—	1.540 (1.105, 2.147)	0.011
HDL-C	—	1.737 (0.834, 3.617)	0.140
LDL-C	—	1.961 (0.979, 3.930)	0.057
ALT		1.012 (1.004, 1.021)	0.004

Abbreviations: i–IGT, isolated impaired glucose tolerance; DM, diabetes mellitus; OR, odds ratio; BMI, body mass index; WBC, white blood cell; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; SUA, serum uric acid; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness.