To Assess Liraglutide’s Therapeutic Effect in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using Flash Glucose Monitoring System

Figures & data

Table 1 General Characteristics of the Recruited Subjects

Parameters	Values
Gender (male:female)	18:15
Age (years)	50.061±0.774
Duration of diabetes (years)	6.455±0.329
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	27.509±0.759
Metformin dose (g/day)	1.5

Note: Part of the data were denoted as mean±standard error of mean.

Figure 1 Comparison of general GV and the glucose-target-rate before and after liraglutide add-on treatment. The values are presented as mean±SEM. *Represents significant difference (P<0.05).

Abbreviations: GV, glucose variability; SEM, standard error of mean.

Figure 2 Comparison of within-day and day-to-day GV before and after liraglutide add-on treatment. The values are presented as mean±SEM. *Represents significant difference (P<0.05).

Abbreviations: GV, glucose variability; SEM, standard error of mean.

Figure 3 Comparisons of mean blood glucose levels and AUCs before and after liraglutide add-on treatment. Mean blood glucose levels: (A) during the day; (B) at nocturnal period; (C) at fasting period; (D) after BF; (E) after lunch; (F) after dinner. AUC: (G) at nocturnal and fasting periods; (H) at postprandial periods. The values are presented as mean±SEM. *Represents statistically different AUC in this time period (P<0.05).

Abbreviations: AUC, area under curve; BF, breakfast; SEM, standard error of mean.

Table 2 The Incidence of Hypoglycaemia Before and After Treatment

			Before Treatment	After Treatment	P value
Hypoglycaemia incidence (%)	Hypoglycaemia cutoff: 3.9 mmol/L	The whole day	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 1.09)	0.123
		Daytime	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0.537)	0.076
		Night-time	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0.272)	0.12
Hypoglycaemia incidence (%)	Hypoglycaemia cutoff: 3.0 mmol/L	The whole day	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0.24
		Daytime	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0.988
		Night-time	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0.189

Notes: The data were shown as median (first quartile, third quartile). The whole day (0:00–24:00), daytime (6:00–24:00), and night-time (0:00–6:00).

Table 3 Comparison of Metabolic Indicators Before and After Treatment

Variables	Before Treatment	After Treatment	P value
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	27.509±0.759	26.893±0.784	0.261
HbA1c (%)	7.876±0.211	6.221±0.235	0.001
FBG (mmol/L)	9.821±0.331	6.289±0.198	0.003
FINS (μIU/mL)	17.942±1.496	18.426±1.847	0.934
HOMA-IR	8.016±0.759	5.344±0.569	0.003
QUICKI	0.472±0.0137	0.522±0.0179	0.024
G/I	0.771±0.0926	0.469±0.0447	0.012
HOMA-β	58.847±5.35	136.757±13.317	0.001

Note: The data were denoted as mean±standard error of mean.

Abbreviations: HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; FBG, fasting blood glucose; FINS, fasting insulin; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; QUICKI, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; G/I, fasting glucose-to-insulin ratio.