Association of ADIPOQ Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms with the Two Clinical Phenotypes Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome in a Kinh Vietnamese Population

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of the Studied Population

	Type 2 Diabetes N=376	Metabolic Syndrome N=239	Controls N=392 (T2DM), 529 (MetS)	P-value
Males/females	150/226	67/172	159/233 242/287	0.908 <0.001*
Duration of disease (years)	5.71 ± 6.00	n/a	-	n/a
Age (years)	55.07 ± 11.90	54.04 ± 11.66	45.56 ± 12.64 48.49 ± 13.45	<0.001* <0.001*
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.84 ± 3.59	25.71 ± 3.49	23.21 ± 3.38 23.24 ± 3.35	<0.001* <0.001*
Waist circumference (cm)	86.29 ± 9.69	88.85 ± 9.55	80.72 ± 9.45 81.00 ± 9.16	<0.001* <0.001*
WHR	0.92 ± 0.07	0.93 ± 0.064	0.89 ± 0.070 0.89 ± 0.070	<0.001* <0.001*
HbA1c (%)	8.25 ±2.10	8.53 ± 2.10	5.69 ± 0.47 7.62 ± 2.08	<0.001* <0.001*
FPG (mmol/L)	8.59 ± 3.05	8.37 ± 3.12	5.52 ± 0.90 6.41 ± 2.25	<0.001* <0.001*
SBP (mmHg)	130.77 ± 17.93	135.71 ± 18.06	126.21 ± 16.33 125.16 ± 15.86	<0.001* <0.001*
DBP (mmHg)	78.2 ± 10.70	82.59 ± 11.27	80.0 ± 11.10 77.57 ± 10.36	0.188 <0.001*
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	2.48 ± 1.93	3.08 ± 2.18	2.05 ± 2.05 1.87 ± 1.78	<0.01* <0.001*
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.72 ± 1.44	5.05 ± 1.46	5.37 ± 1.33 5.04 ± 1.41	<0.001* 0.931
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.12 ± 0.28	1.04 ± 0.20	1.27 ± 0.44 1.27 ± 0.42	<0.001* <0.001*
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	2.97 ± 1.06	3.23 ± 1.10	3.48 ± 0.89 3.23 ± 0.97	<0.001* 0.908
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	0.87 ± 0.24	0.86 ± 0.22	0.88 ± 0.54 0.88 ± 0.49	0.895 0.488

Note: *Statistically significant.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.

Table 2 The Association of rs266729 with T2DM

Model	Genotype	Control (n)	T2DM (n)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)^†	P-value^†
Co-dominant	C/C	226	198	1	0.049*
	C/G	148	146	1.16 (0.84–1.61)
	G/G	18	32	2.30 (1.16–4.58)
Dominant	C/C	226	198	1	0.130
	C/G, G/G	166	178	1.27 (0.93–1.74)
Recessive	C/C, C/G	374	344	1	0.022*
	G/G	18	32	2.17 (1.11–4.26)
Log-additive	—	—	—	1.32 (1.02–1.70)	0.034*

Notes: ^†Adjusted for sex, age, and BMI. N = 768. *Statistically significant.

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Table 3 The Association of rs3774261 with MetS

Model	Genotype	Control (n)	MetS (n)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)^†	P-value^†
Co-dominant	A/A	193	75	1	0.035*
	A/G	271	112	1.02 (0.70–1.49)
	G/G	65	52	1.82 (1.11–2.98)
Dominant	A/A	193	75	1	0.350
	A/G, G/G	336	164	1.19 (0.83–1.69)
Recessive	A/A, A/G	464	187	1	0.009*
	G/G	65	52	1.79 (1.16–2.78)
Log-additive	—	—	—	1.29 (1.01–1.65)	0.040*

Notes: ^†Adjusted for sex, age, and BMI. N = 768. *Statistically significant.

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; MetS, metabolic syndrome.

Table 4 The Association of rs266729 with MetS

Model	Genotype	Control (n)	MetS (n)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)^†	P-value^†
Co-dominant	C/C	298	126	1	0.053
	C/G	205	89	0.95 (0.67–1.36)
	G/G	26	24	2.20 (1.13–4.31)
Dominant	C/C	298	126	1	0.640
	C/G, G/G	231	113	1.08 (0.78–1.51)
Recessive	C/C, C/G	503	215	1	0.016*
	G/G	26	24	2.25 (1.17–4.32)
Log-additive	—	—	—	1.20 (0.92–1.58)	0.180

Notes: ^†Adjusted for sex, age, and BMI. N = 768. *Statistically significant.

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; MetS, metabolic syndrome.

Table 5 The Association of Haplotype rs266729/rs822393 with MetS

rs266729	rs822393	Frequency	Adjusted OR (95% CI)^†	P-value^†
C	C	0.586	1.00	—
G	T	0.246	1.26 (1.01–1.73)	0.110
C	T	0.158	1.08 (0.77–1.47)	0.660
G	C	0.010	0.72 (0.54–4.51)	0.600

Notes: ^†Adjusted for sex, age, and BMI. N = 768.

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Figure 1 Linkage disequilibrium between allele pairs of rs266729, rs1501299, rs3774261, and rs822393.

Table 6 The Association of rs266729 with Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics in T2DM and Control Subjects

Characteristics	rs266729
	T2DM (N=376)				Controls (N=392)				Studied Population (N=768)
	CC	CG	GG	ANOVA P-value	CC	CG	GG	ANOVA P-value	CC	CG	GG	ANOVA P-value
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.67 ± 3.68	25.04 ± 3.51	24.93 ± 3.29	0.63	23.05 ± 3.09	23.58 ± 3.76	22.31 ± 3.23	0.17	23.80 ± 3.48	24.30 ± 3.71	23.99 ± 3.51	0.18
WHR	0.91 ± 0.069	0.92 ± 0.072	0.91 ± 0.067	0.50	0.88 ± 0.064	0.89 ± 0.078	0.88 ± 0.045	0.21	0.90 ± 0.068	0.91 ± 0.076	0.90 ± 0.062	0.09
HbA1c (%)	8.23 ± 2.07	8.26 ± 2.20	8.39 ± 1.82	0.92	5.64 ± 0.46	5.74 ± 0.46	5.83 ± 0.39	0.78	8.01 ± 2.11	8.08 ± 2.22	8.17 ± 1.89	0.89
FPG (mmol/L)	8.49 ± 3.01	8.69 ± 3.22	8.71 ± 2.39	0.82	5.55 ± 1.06	5.47 ± 0.61	5.55 ± 0.77	0.68	6.93 ± 2.65	7.07 ± 2.81	7.57 ± 2.48	0.28
SBP (mmHg)	131.15 ± 18.39	129.61 ± 16.67	133.69 ± 20.01	0.46	126.31 ± 16.47	125.77 ± 16.36	128.72 ± 13.79	0.76	128.57 ± 17.56	127.68 ± 16.62	131.90 ± 18.17	0.27
DBP (mmHg)	78.34 ± 11.48	77.83 ± 9.49	78.84 ± 10.36	0.85	79.80 ± 10.99	80.50 ± 11.44	79.17 ± 8.45	0.79	79.12 ± 11.24	79.17 ± 10.60	78.96 ± 9.72	0.99
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	2.44 ± 1.67	2.53 ± 2.32	2.49 ± 1.33	0.91	1.79 ± 1.21	2.02 ± 2.42	1.71 ± 1.09	0.67	2.22 ± 1.65	2.33 ± 2.49	2.22 ± 1.32	0.77
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.71 ± 1.46	4.72 ± 1.42	4.74 ± 1.44	1.00	5.30 ± 1.10	5.47 ± 1.63	5.34 ± 1.19	0.50	5.02 ± 1.32	5.10 ± 1.58	4.94 ± 1.39	0.70
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.11 ± 0.26	1.16 ± 0.33	1.07 ± 0.23	0.19	1.26 ± 0.44	1.29 ± 0.45	1.28 ± 0.26	0.80	1.19 ± 0.37	1.22 ± 0.40	1.14 ± 0.26	0.27
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	2.94 ± 1.10	3.04 ± 1.01	2.85 ± 0.99	0.58	3.48 ± 0.88	3.48 ± 0.89	3.50 ± 1.00	1.00	3.23 ± 1.02	3.26 ± 0.98	3.07 ± 1.04	0.49

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.

Table 7 The Association of rs3774261 with Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics in MetS and Control Subjects

Characteristics	Rs3774261
	MetS (N=239)				Controls (N=529)				Studied Population (N=768)
	GG	GA	AA	ANOVA P-value	GG	GA	AA	ANOVA P-value	GG	GA	AA	ANOVA P-value
BMI (kg/m^2)	25.05 ± 3.47	26.06 ± 3.42	25.64 ± 3.53	0.22	24.29 ± 3.54	23.17 ± 3.20	22.98 ± 3.40	0.062	24.63 ± 3.53	24.01 ± 3.52	23.73 ± 3.64	0.074
WHR	0.94 ± 0.81	0.93 ± 0.057	0.93 ± 0.060	0.58	0.88 ± 0.059	0.89 ± 0.068	0.89 ± 0.077	0.46	0.91 ± 0.075	0.90 ± 0.068	0.90 ± 0.074	0.55
HbA1c (%)	8.43 ± 1.83	8.48 ± 1.93	8.69 ± 2.51	0.79	7.42 ± 1.95	7.58 ± 1.88	7.78 ± 2.39	0.93	8.03 ± 1.94	7.98 ± 1.95	8.17 ± 2.48	0.73
FPG (mmol/L)	8.47 ± 2.88	8.66 ± 3.53	7.88 ± 2.49	0.24	6.51 ± 2.67	6.45 ± 2.30	6.33 ± 2.01	0.78	7.38 ± 2.93	7.10 ± 2.90	6.77 ± 2.27	0.095
SBP (mmHg)	139.92 ± 18.08	134.10 ± 18.12	135.17 ± 17.51	0.15	123.91 ± 14.00	125.69 ± 16.06	124.84 ± 16.12	0.37	131.03 ± 17.82	128.15 ± 17.12	127.74 ± 17.16	0.21
DBP (mmHg)	83.48 ± 9.29	82.13 ± 11.85	82.67 ± 11.60	0.78	76.80 ± 9.42	78.50 ± 10.67	76.51 ± 10.11	0.61	79.77 ± 9.94	79.56 ± 11.15	78.24 ± 10.91	0.25
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	3.18 ± 3.03	3.14 ± 2.09	2.94 ± 1.50	0.79	1.94 ± 1.51	1.78 ± 1.28	1.98 ± 2.37	0.61	2.50 ± 2.40	2.19 ± 1.69	2.26 ± 2.20	0.34
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	5.01 ± 1.46	5.02 ± 1.37	5.14 ± 1.58	0.85	4.91 ± 1.32	5.03 ± 1.13	5.11 ± 1.76	0.83	4.96 ± 1.38	5.03 ± 1.20	5.12 ± 1.71	0.56
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.05 ± 0.22	1.06 ± 0.21	1.00 ± 0.18	0.18	1.26 ± 0.31	1.27 ± 0.41	1.29 ± 0.45	0.97	1.16 ± 0.30	1.20 ± 0.38	1.21 ± 0.41	0.54
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	3.08 ± 1.11	3.22 ± 0.98	3.35 ± 1.23	0.39	3.12 ± 0.97	3.27 ± 0.92	3.19 ± 1.03	0.64	3.11 ± 1.03	3.26 ± 0.94	3.24 ± 1.09	0.36

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.