Association of Circulating TXNIP Levels with Fatty Liver in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical and Laboratory Data in Participants Grouped by Fatty Liver Degree

Variables	All Subjects (n=110)	Without Fatty liver (n=41)	Mild Fatty Liver (n=34)	Moderate to Severe Fatty Liver (n=35)	P value
Male sex (%)	53.6	51.2	61.8	48.6	0.506
Age (years)	53.88±13.10	52.76±11.88	55.24±13.20	53.89±14.55	0.910
Hypertension (%)	31.8	31.7	29.4	34.3	0.908
HFF (%)	10.26±6.97	4.61±0.27	7.77±1.19**	19.30±5.06**^##	<0.001
BMI (kg/m^2)	25.06±4.96	21.47±2.10	24.89±3.23**	29.44±5.32**^##	<0.001
WC (cm)	90.44±12.04	82.61±9.65	89.21±6.92**	100.81±11.07**^##	<0.001
HC (cm)	95.80±9.81	90.05±8.90	96.29±6.26**	102.06±9.82**^##	<0.001
WHR	0.94±0.06	0.91±0.04	0.93±0.04	0.99±0.06**^##	<0.001
HbA1c (%)	9.86±1.73	10.01±1.85	9.88±1.96	9.65±1.34	0.676
FPG (mmol/L)	8.90±2.49	8.36±2.62	8.27±1.96	10.17±2.36**^##	0.001
FINS (μU/mL)	13.88±7.48	11.44±4.97	13.01±6.60	17.57±9.27**^##	0.001
HOMA-IR	5.57±3.42	4.34±2.35	4.80±2.55	7.75±4.18**^##	<0.001
ALT (U/L)	21.50(15.50, 34.78)	17.10(14.25, 22.15)	18.80(14.28, 25.35)	38.70(27.80, 53.60)**^##	<0.001
AST (U/L)	20.65(15.58, 27.83)	17.50(14.65, 21.85)	18.65(14.98, 21.55)	30.60(22.30, 43.50)**^##	<0.001
SUA (μmol/L)	319.55±88.75	292.00±67.31	304.20±85.30	366.73±97.05**^##	<0.001
TC (mmol/L)	4.72±0.95	4.56±0.88	4.69±1.11	4.93±0.86	0.229
TG (mmol/L)	1.35(0.98, 2.16)	1.05(0.77, 1.24)	1.31(0.91, 1.81)	2.30(1.53, 3.66)**^##	<0.001
HDL-c (mmol/L)	1.22±0.31	1.38±0.28	1.22±0.29*	1.04±0.26**^##	<0.001
LDL-c (mmol/L)	2.63±0.73	2.55±0.66	2.55±0.85	2.81±0.68	0.222
hs-CRP (mg/L)	1.74(0.72, 3.69)	0.92(0.47, 2.43)	1.51(0.58, 2.17)	3.45(1.90, 8.95)**^##	<0.001
TXNIP (pg/mL)	350.06±85.88	293.86±67.59	363.78±76.23**	402.57±76.13**^##	<0.001

Notes: *P<0.05, and **P<0.01 vs Without fatty liver group; ^##P<0.01 vs Mild fatty liver group.

Figure 1 The main characteristics of study participants by quartiles of serum TXNIP. Data are the mean±SD.

Figure 2 Prevalence of fatty liver by severity, as a function of TXNIP quartile.TXNIP quartile: Q1: ≤290.99 pg/mL, Q2: 290.99~348.71 pg/mL, Q3: 348.71~413.70 pg/mL, Q4: >413.70 pg/mL.

Table 2 Associations Between TXNIP and Different Degrees of Fatty Liver After Controlling for Confounding Factors

	T2DM with Mild Fatty Liver		T2DM with Moderate to Severe Fatty Liver
	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Model 1	1.013 (1.006–1.021)	<0.001	1.021 (1.012–1.030)	<0.001
Model 2	1.014 (1.007–1.022)	<0.001	1.022 (1.013–1.031)	<0.001
Model 3	1.014 (1.005–1.024)	0.002	1.019 (1.008–1.031)	0.001
Model 4	1.012 (1.002–1.022)	0.014	1.013 (1.001–1.026)	0.039

Notes: Model 1: crude. Model 2: adjusted for age and sex. Model 3: adjusted for Model 2 + FPG, FINS, TC, TG, HDL-c, LDL-c. Model 4: adjusted for Model 3 + BMI, WC, SUA, hs-CRP.

Figure 3 Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for TXNIP and in patients with T2DM. Unadjusted: AUC=0.811(95% CI: 0.729~0.893, P<0.001); Sex and age adjusted: AUC=0.820 (95% CI: 0.739~0.900, P<0.001).