Adherence to Diabetes Self-Management and Its Associated Factors Among Adolescents Living with Type 1 Diabetes at Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Distribution of Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes in Selected Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, March to April 2021 (n=414)

Characteristics	Categories	Frequency(n=414)	Percentage (%)
Age Category	10 to 14 years	203	49.0
	15 to 18 years	211	51.0
Sex	Male	180	43.5
	Female	234	56.5
Educational status	Unable to read and write	42	10.1
	Primary level (1–8 grade)	262	63.3
	Secondary level (9–12 grade)	101	24.4

Abbreviation: n, the total number of participants.

Table 2 Distribution of Medical Characteristics of Adolescents with T1D in Selected Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, March to April 2021 (n=414)

Characteristics	Categories	Frequency(n=414)	Percentage (%)
Time since diagnosis of T1D	1 to 5 years	187	45.2
	6years and above	227	54.8
Age at diagnosis with T1D	1 to 5 years	84	20.3
	6 years and above	330	79.7
Duration of taking insulin medications	1 to 5 years	247	59.7
	6 years and above	167	40.3
Comorbidities	Yes	2	0.5
	No	412	99.5

Abbreviations: n, the total number of participants; T1D, type 1 diabetes.

Figure 1 Frequency of factors associated with overall adherence to diabetes self-management in multivariable analysis model among adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Addis Ababa Public hospitals, March to April 2021(n=414).

Abbreviations: ADSM, Adherence to diabetes self-management; T1D, Type 1 diabetes.

Table 3 Factors Associated with Overall Adherence to Diabetes Self-Management in Multivariable Analysis Model Among Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes in Addis Ababa Public Hospitals, March to April 2021 (n=414)

Variables	Poor Adherence	Good Adherence	COR (95% CI)	P-value	AOR (95% CI)	P-value
Time since diagnosis of T1D
1 to 5 years	24	163	1		1
6years and above	194	33	0.03 (0.02, 0.04)	0.000	0.1 (0.02, 0.2)*	0.001
Participant’s age
10–14 years	60	143	1		1
15–18 years	158	53	0.14 (0.09, 0.2)	0.000	0.2 (0.1, 0.4)*	0.001
Social Support
No	131	24	1		1
Yes	87	172	10.8 (6.5, 17.9)	0.000	4.6 (1.5, 13.5)*	0.006
Self-efficacy
Poor	111	10	1		1
Good	107	186	19.3 (9.7, 38.4)	0.000	8.7 (1.9, 14.1)*	0.005
Knowledge about T1D
Poor knowledge	170	39	1		1
Moderate knowledge	39	95	9.5 (5.7, 15.9)	0.030	6.76 (2.19, 12.92)*	0.001
Good knowledge	9	62	34.9 (16, 75.7)	0.000	9.05 (3.83, 13.5)*	0.000

Note: *P-value is significant at P<0.05.

Abbreviations: n, the total number of participants. T1D, type 1 diabetes; CI, confidence interval; COR, crude odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; 1=Reference.