Association Between Some Different Obesity Anthropometric Indices and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Men and Women in Beijing, China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Subjects with T2DM and NGT

	T2DM Group	NGT Group	P value
Male/female (n)	1917/2712	3227/6702	0.0000
Age (years)	60.6±8.5	56.4±7.6	0.0000
Education (n (%))			0.0000
Primary school and lower	554(12.0)	535(5.4)
Junior high school	1711(37.0)	3105(31.3)
Senior high school	1731(37.4)	4563(46.0)
College and above	633(13.7)	1726(17.4)
BMI (kg/m2)	26.44±3.55	25.15±3.4	0.0000
WC (cm)	86.68±8.8	82.13±8.85	0.0000
WHR	0.91±0.06	0.87±0.07	0.0000
WHtR	0.54±0.05	0.51±0.05	0.0000
SBP (mmHg)	137.2±17.5	128.6±16.1	0.0000
DBP (mmHg)	75.9±10.4	75±9.7	0.0000
T-CHO (mmol/l)	5.22±1.08	5.19±0.97	0.0510
TG (mmol/l)	1.51(1.05–2.15)	1.20(0.87–1.70)	0.0000
HDL-C (mmol/l)	1.33±0.34	1.48±0.39	0.0000
LDL-C (mmol/l)	3.2±0.87	3.16±0.8	0.0090
HbA1c (%)	6.8(6.2–7.7)	5.7 (5.4–5.9)	0.0000
FPG (mmol/l)	7.28(6.33–8.70)	5.20(4.93–5.50)	0.0000
PG2h (mmol/l)	12.94(11.19–15.74)	6.16(5.37–6.86)	0.0000
Diabetes family history (n (%))	1701(36.7)	2201(22.2)	0.0000
Smoking (n (%))	846(18.3)	1764(17.8)	0.6580
Drinking (n (%))	517(11.2)	1006 (10.1)	0.7240
Hypertension (n (%))	3167 (68.4)	3552 (35.8)	0.0000
Dyslipidemia (n (%))	3542(76.5)	6170(62.1)	0.0000

Notes: Age, BMI, WC, WHR, WSR, SBP, DBP, T-CHO, HDL-C, and LDL-C were presented as mean ± SD. TG, HbAlc, FPG, and PG2h were presented as median (interquartile range) due to their skewed distribution. Comparison of Age, BMI, WC, WHR, WSR, SBP, DBP, T-CHO, HDL-C, and LDL-C by t test. Comparison of TG, HbAlc, FPG, and PG2h by Wilcoxon rank sum test. Comparison of categorical variables by χ² test.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; WSR, waist-to-stature ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; T-CHO, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HbA1c, hemoglobin Alc; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; PG2h, plasma glucose tested 2 hours after oral glucose tolerance test or standard meal test; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; NGT, normal glucose tolerance.

Table 2 OR and 95% CI for T2DM According to Quartiles of Different ObAIs in Men

ObAIs	n (%)	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
		OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value
BMI (kg/m^2)
< 23.7	1283 (24.9)	1	–	1	–	1	–
23.7–25.5	1228 (23.9)	1.140 (0.963,1.350)	0.127	1.107 (0.929,1.318)	0.256	1.277 (1.000,1.629)	0.050
25.6–27.6	1305 (25.4)	1.396 (1.184,1.644)	0.000	1.369 (1.155,1.622)	0.000	1.661 (1.234–2.236)	0.001
≥ 27.7	1328 (25.8)	2.055 (1.749,2.415)	0.000	2.026 (1.715,2.395)	0.000	2.131 (1.465,3.099)	0.000
WC (cm)
< 81	1178 (22.9)	1	–	1	–	1	–
81–86.4	1389 (27.0)	1.304 (1.077,1.578)	0.006	1.276 (1.050,1.552)	0.014	1.255 (0.991,1.591)	0.060
86.5–91.9	1258 (24.5)	1.588 (1.305,1.931)	0.000	1.576 (1.290,1.925)	0.000	1.478 (1.119,1.953)	0.006
≥ 92	1319 (25.6)	2.104 (1.730,2.559)	0.000	2.042 (1.671,2.495)	0.000	1.752 (1.270,2.410)	0.001
WHR
<0.88	1389 (27.0)	1	–	1	–	1	–
0.88–0.90	1043 (20.3)	1.005 (0.823,1.228)	0.962	0.984 (0.802,1.208)	0.880	0.940 (0.760,1.161)	0.564
0.91–0.94	1554 (30.2)	1.188 (0.985,1.432)	0.071	1.184 (0.977,1.434)	0.085	1.092 (0.896,1.331)	0.383
≥ 0.95	1158 (22.5)	1.507 (1.219,1.863)	0.000	1.478 (1.188,1.837)	0.000	1.342 (1.072,1.678)	0.010
WHtR
< 0.49	1356 (26.4)	1	–	1	–	1	–
0.49–0.51	1217 (23.7)	1.520 (1.274,1.812)	0.000	1.495 (1.247,1.793)	0.000	1.314 (1.090,1.583)	0.004
0.52–0.54	1223 (23.8)	2.193 (1.847,2.604)	0.000	2.142 (1.794,2.557)	0.000	1.771 (1.475,2.126)	0.000
≥ 0.55	1348 (26.2)	3.565 (3.017,4.212)	0.000	3.427 (2.886,4.070)	0.000	2.739 (2.293,3.271)	0.000

Notes: Model 1: unadjusted; model 2: adjusted for age, smoking status, alcohol intake, occupation and education degree, diabetes family history; model 3: adjusted for age, smoking status, alcohol intake, occupation and education degree, diabetes family history, hypertension and dyslipidemia. The association between different ObAIs and T2DM in men was analyzed by multiple logistic regression.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; ObAIs, obesity anthropometric indices.

Table 3 OR and 95% CI for T2DM According to Quartiles of Different ObAIs in Women

ObAIs	n (%)	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
		OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value
BMI (kg/m^2)
< 23	2337 (24.8)	1	–	1	–	1	–
23–25.0	2246 (23.9)	1.258 (1.090,1.451)	0.002	1.240 (1.066,1.441)	0.005	1.098 (0.938,1.286)	0.245
25.1–27.5	2461 (26.1)	2.103 (1.840,2.403)	0.000	1.980 (1.719,2.281)	0.000	1.576 (1.359–1.828)	0.000
≥ 27.6	2370 (25.2)	2.796 (2.449,3.192)	0.000	2.527 (2.196,2.907)	0.000	1.837 (1.584,2.130)	0.000
WC (cm)
< 81	2352 (25.0)	1	–	1	–	1	–
81–86.4	1989 (21.1)	1.953 (1.647,2.316)	0.000	1.822 (1.525,2.177)	0.000	1.508 (1.152,1.973)	0.000
86.5–91.9	2417 (25.7)	3.186 (2.723,3.729)	0.000	2.740 (2.324,3.230)	0.000	2.027 (1.412,2.908)	0.000
≥ 92	2656 (28.2)	6.513 (5.597,7.579)	0.000	5.188 (4.422,6.087)	0.000	3.122 (1.980,4.924)	0.000
WHR
< 0.83	2458 (26.1)	1	–	1	–	1	–
0.83–0.86	2168 (23.0)	1.826 (1.532,2.178)	0.000	1.677 (1.398,2.012)	0.000	1.387 (1.122,1.714)	0.000
0.87–0.90	2257 (24.0)	3.277 (2.768,3.881)	0.000	2.688 (2.254,3.206)	0.000	1.943 (1.530,2.467)	0.000
≥ 0.91	2531 (26.9)	7.824 (6.605,9.269)	0.000	5.811 (4.869,6.937)	0.000	3.781 (2.855,5.007)	0.000
WHtR
< 0.48	2475 (26.3)	1	–	1	–	1	–
0.48–0.50	1890 (20.1)	1.773 (1.518,2.072)	0.000	1.598 (1.358,1.881)	0.000	1.413 (1.192,1.675)	0.000
0.51–0.54	2551 (27.1)	2.788 (2.423,3.207)	0.000	2.383 (2.056,2.761)	0.000	1.923 (1.648,2.244)	0.000
≥ 0.55	2498 (26.5)	4.224 (3.679,4.850)	0.000	3.230 (2.789,3.740)	0.000	2.379 (2.040,2.775)	0.000

Notes: Model 1: unadjusted; model 2: adjusted for age, smoking status, alcohol intake, occupation and education degree, diabetes family history; model 3: adjusted for age, smoking status, alcohol intake, occupation and education degree, diabetes family history, hypertension and dyslipidemia. The association between different ObAIs and T2DM in women was analyzed by multiple logistic regression.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; ObAIs, obesity anthropometric indices.

Figure 1 ROC curves of ObAIs for T2DM in men (A) and in women (B).