If Not Insulin Resistance so What? – Comparison of Fasting Glycemia in Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease and Atypical Parkinsonism

Figures & data

Figure 1 A final group creation process. The total number of exclusions is not equal to the sum of patients excluded by each criteria because one patient may have been excluded for more than one reason.

Abbreviations: PD, Parkinson’s disease; MSA, multiple system atrophy; PSP, progressive supranuclear palsy; DM, diabetes mellitus; DBS-STN, deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus; pts, patients.

Table 1 Demographic and Clinical of a Final Analyzed Group Broken Down by Diagnosis. Kruskal–Wallis Test for Quantitative Variables and Fisher’s Exact Test for Qualitative Variables

	PD N=304	MSA N=14	PSP N=33	P
Gender n, %
Females	124 (40.6)	6 (42.9)	18 (54.5)	0.304
Males	180 (59.4)	8 (57.1)	15 (45.5)
Age, years	65.3±9.8	65.2±11.0	70.1±7.1	0142
BMI, kg/m^2	26.1±4.0	28.5±5.1	29.3±4.4	0.024 PD<PSP
Duration of the disease, years	9.0±5.8	4.4±3.5	4.2±2.6	0.000 PD>PSP; PD>MSA
MDS-UPDRS part III OFF	39.2±16.7	40.3±15.4	44.5±16.3	0.140
MDS-UPDRS part III ON	18.6±10.9	32.0±15.4	44.5±16.3	0.000 PD<PSP; PD<MSA
Δ MDS-UPDRS part III, %	52.4±18.4	16.2±12	6.3±10.0	0.000 PD>PSP; PD>MSA
Hoehn–Yahr Scale	2,8±1,0	3,1±0,9	4.1±0.8	0.000 PD<PSP; MSA<PSP
LEDD, mg	998.1±730	627.9±487	487.4±425	0.000 PD>PSP
MMSE	25.9±6.3	26.1±3.0	23.0±6.3	0.002 PD<PSP
CDT	9.1±1.6	8.8±1.5	7.3±2.6	0.010 PD<PSP
BDI	8,36±5,9	10,5±4,8	10,5±5.4	0.081

Abbreviations: PD, Parkinson’s disease; MSA, multiple system atrophy; PSP, progressive supranuclear palsy; BMI, body mass index; MDS-UPDRS, Movement Disorder Society – Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; LEDD, levodopa equivalent daily dose; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; CDT, Clock Drawing Test; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory.

Table 2 Laboratory Characteristic of a Final Analyzed Group Broken Down by Diagnosis. Kruskal–Wallis Test for Quantitative Variables and Fisher’s Exact Test for Qualitative Variables

	PD N=304	MSA N=14	PSP N=33	P
Fasting glycemia, mg/dl	102.4±16.7	100.4±10.2	92.2±16.1	0.042 PD>PSP
Impaired fasting glycemia n, %	132 (43.43)	9 (64.29)	6 (18.18)	0.043 PD>PSP
Glycemia >126 mg/dl n, %	20 (6.58)	0 (0.00)	3 (9.09)	0.464
TSH, uIU/mL	1.72±1.6	1.78±0.9	1.53±1.0	0.208
Total cholesterol, mg/dl	201.7±48.7	194.5±40.6	211.4±62.3	0.887
LDL cholesterol, mg/dl	92.3±44.3	105.7±56.0	119±61.0	0.016 PD<PSP
HDL cholesterol, mg/dl	60.0 ±14.3	52.0±11.3	60.6±26.5	0.333
Triglycerides, mg/dl	123.8±41.1	121.4±33.0	129.3±51.4	0.951
Homocysteine, umol/l	16.3±7.9	17.0±8.9	13.8±3.4	0.402
Vitamin D3, ng/mL	25.9±16.2	27.0±13.2	26.5±16.1	0.797

Abbreviations: PD, Parkinson’s disease; MSA, multiple system atrophy; PSP, progressive supranuclear palsy; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.

Table 3 Demographic and Clinical Characteristic of a PD Patients Group Broken Down by Gender. U-Mann–Whitney Test for Quantitative Variables and Fisher’s Exact Test for Qualitative Variables

	Female n=123	Male n=180	P
Age, years	66.7±9.5	64.4±10.0	0.058
BMI, kg/m2	26.9±3.8	24.9±4.1	0.002
Duration of the disease, years	9.01±5.9	9.0±5.9	0.905
MDS-UPDRS part III OFF	42.0±17.0	37.3±16.3	0.014
MDS-UPDRS part III ON	19.9±11.3	27.8±10.7	0.121
Δ MDS-UPDRS part III, %	52.9±17.7	17.8±19.0	0.089
Hoehn–Yahr Scale	3.0±1.0	2.7±0.9	0.015
LEDD mg	1032.8±757.2	974.4±712.8	0.525
MMSE	25.1±4.3	26.5±7.2	0.060
CDT	8.3±2.0	9.6±8.8	0.060
BDI	10.1±6.5	7.1±5.1	0.000

Abbreviations: PD, Parkinson’s disease; MSA, multiple system atrophy; PSP, progressive supranuclear palsy; BMI, body mass index; MDS-UPDRS, Movement Disorder Society – Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; LEDD, levodopa equivalent daily dose; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; CDT, Clock Drawing Test; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory.

Table 4 Laboratory Characteristic of a PD Patients Group Broken Down by Gender. U-Mann–Whitney Test for Quantitative Variables and Fisher’s Exact Test for Qualitative Variables

	Female n=123	Male n=180	P
Fasting glycemia, mg/dl	99.1±14.3	103.7±14.7	0.006
Fasting glycemia >100mg/dl n, %	52 (42.3)	102 (50.6)	0.028
Impaired fasting glycemia	43 (35.05)	91 (50.6)	0.042
Fasting glycemia >126mg/dl n, %	9 (7.3)	11 (6.1)	0.672
TSH, uIU/mL	1.7±1.4	1.7±1.8	0.581
Total cholesterol, mg/dl	208.5±49.7	196.9±47.6	0.040
LDL cholesterol, mg/dl	89.2±36.6	94.4±48.	0.859
HDL cholesterol, mg/dl	64.3±16.0	57.1±12.2	0.008
Triglycerides, mg/dl	121.7±38.9	121.7±42.4	0.239
Homocysteine, umol/l	16.3±7.5	16.3±8.2	0.769
Vitamin D3, ng/mL	28.6±20.9	23.8±11.2	0.179

Abbreviations: PD, Parkinson’s disease; MSA, multiple system atrophy; PSP, progressive supranuclear palsy; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.