Current Perspectives on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Figures & data

Table 1 Diagnostic Criteria for PCOS

	NIH	Rotterdam	AES
Diagnostic criteria	1. Clinical manifestations of hyperandrogenism and/or hyperandrogenemia 2. Sporadic ovulation or anovulation	At least 2 out of 3 criteria: 1. Clinical manifestations of hyperandrogenism and/or hyperandrogenemia 2. sporadic ovulation or anovulation 3. polycystic ovarian changes	1. Clinical manifestations of hyperandrogenism and/or hyperandrogenemia 2. at least 1 out of 2 criteria (1) sporadic ovulation or anovulation (2) polycystic ovarian changes
Exclusion of disease	Hyperprolactinaemia, thyroid disorders, Cushing’s syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 21-hydroxylase deficiency, androgen-secreting tumours and other conditions causing secondary androgen elevation

Abbreviations: PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; NIH, National Institutes of Health; AES, androgen excess society.

Table 2 Studies on Prevalence of NAFLD in PCOS

Size		Diagnostic Criteria for PCOS	Diagnostic Basis for NAFLD	Prevalence (%)		Region	Author, Year, and Reference
PCOS	Control			PCOS	Control
200	-	NIH	ALT	14.50	-	U.S.A	Setji, 2006^Citation18
88	-	NIH	Ultrasonography	54.50	-	U.S.A	Gambarin-Gelwan, 2006^Citation19
41	31	Rotterdam	Ultrasonography	41.50	19.40	Chile	Cerda, 2007^Citation20
			ALT	39.00	3.20
57	60	AES	Ultrasonography	36.80	20.00	Greece	Vassilatou, 2010^Citation21
			ALT	22.80	3.30
192	73	AES	LIFL	34.00	6.90	Germany	Tan, 2010^Citation22
			CK18-M30	27.60	1.40
34	32	Rotterdam	Liver biopsy	44.00	20.80	U.S.A	Hossain, 2011^Citation23
45	32	Rotterdam	Ultrasonography	73.30	46.70	Brazil	Zueff, 2012^Citation24
54	55	Rotterdam	Ultrasonography	66.70	25.40	India	Karoli, 2013^Citation25
			ALT	31.40	7.30
602	588	Rotterdam	Ultrasonography	32.90	18.50	China	Qu, 2013^Citation26
184	125	Rotterdam	Ultrasonography	57.60	49.60	Poland	Bohdanowicz-Pawlak, 2014^Citation27
103	34	AES	Ultrasonography	23.80	3.30	Brazil	Romanowski, 2015^Citation28
600	125	Rotterdam	LFS	50.60	34.00	Greece	Macut, 2016^Citation29
400	100	Rotterdam	Ultrasonography	56.25	30.80	China	Cai, 2017^Citation30
75	75	Rotterdam	Ultrasonography	38.70	18.70	Iran	Mehrabian, 2017^Citation31
202	101	Rotterdam	HSI	68.80	33.30	Italy	Petta, 2017^Citation32
188	65	Rotterdam	Ultrasonography	44.68	24.62	China	Zhang, 2018^Citation33
60	-	Rotterdam	Ultrasonography	38.30	-	India	Harsha Varma, 2019^Citation34
98	98	Rotterdam	CAP	69.30	34.60	Mexico	Salva-Pastor, 2020^Citation35
70	60	Rotterdam	Ultrasonography	38.57	6.67	India	Chakraborty, 2020^Citation36
87	40	Rotterdam	Ultrasonography	77.00	52.50	Brasil	Taranto, 2020^Citation37
101	-	Rotterdam	CAP	39.60	-	Canada	Shengir, 2020^Citation38

Abbreviations: PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NIH, National Institutes of Health; AES, androgen excess society; U.S.A, United States of America; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; LIFL, liver injury implicating fatty liver; CK18-M30, cytokeratin 18-M30; LFS, liver fat score; HSI, hepatic steatosis index; CAP, controlled attenuation parameter.

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