Correlation Between Blood Glucose Control and Levels of Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 and Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

Figures & data

Table 1 Comparison of Biochemical Indexes of Patients in the Three Groups (Mean ± SD)

Items	Group A (n=110)	Group B (n=101)	Group C (n=68)	P
Age (years)	60.63±13.94	69.17±13.54	57.05±11.77	0.490
Sex/(M/F)	58/52	53/48	36/32	0.380
BMI (Kg.m-2)	26.85±1.68	25.23±0.88	24.11±47.87	0.000
FPG (mmol.L^−1)	9.56±3.29^ab	6.32±2.12^b	5.29±0.63	0.000
HbA1C (%)	9.17±1.17^ab	6.67±0.60^b	5.76±0.53	0.000
FINS (μIU.mL^−1)	7.55±5.71^ab	14.17±9.07	12.22±3.93	0.004
FCP (ng.mL^−1)	1.46±0.74^ab	2.80 ±1.90	2.96±1.19	0.001
TC (mmol.L^−1)	5.16±1.00	4.76±1.00	4.53±1.34	0.196
TG (mmol.L^−1)	2.16±0.52	1.89±1.13	2.13±2.51	0.829
HDL (mmol.L^−1)	1.04±0.25^b	1.20 ±0.31^b	1.55±0.31	0.000
LDL (mmol.L^−1)	3.63±0.49 ^ab	2.97±0.86	3.05±1.25	0.050
UA (μmol.L^−1)	359.55±91.78 ^a	346.05±119.78	288.21±112.92	0.065
Cr (mmol.L^−1)	83.66±55.56	81.30±12.71	66.41±43.76	0.328
BUN (mmol.L^−1)	5.81±2.73^b	6.39±3.25^b	8.17±1.37	0.013
U-MA (mg.L^−1)	51.78±55.29^b	46.25±51.39^b	9.20±3.64	0.006
Hcy (μmol.L^−1)	19.67±8.90 ^b	16.26±7.63	11.46±7.37	0.005
CRP (mg.l-1)	1.12±2.28^a	0.29±0.22	0.30±0.31	0.076
TSH (μIU.mL-1)	2.45±1.89^b	1.79±1.27^b	1.32±0.67	0.002

Notes: Compared with group B, ^aP<0.05; Compared with group C, ^bP<0.05.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA₁C, glycosylated hemoglobin; FINS, fasting insulin); FCP, fasting C-peptide; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; UA, uric acid; Cr, creatinine; BUN, urea nitrogen; U-MA, microalbumin; Hcy, homocysteine; CRP, C-reactive protein; TSH, Thyroid stimulating hormone.

Table 2 Comparison of the Levels of CA19-9 and CEA in T2DM Patients with Different HbA₁C Levels (Mean ± SD)

	CA19-9 (U.mL^−1)	CEA (μg/L)
Group A (n=110)	31.75 ±15.12^ab	5.46±1.49 ^ab
Group B (n=101)	21.07±12.12^b	4.14±2.16 ^b
Group C (n=68)	16.98±9.03	2.95±1.39

Notes: ^aCompared with group B, ^bCompared with group C, P<0.05.

Table 3 Correlation Analysis of the Levels of CA19-9 and CEA

Items	CA19-9		CEA
	rs	P	rs	P
Age (years)	−0.132	0.287	−0.212	0.084
Sex (M/F)	0.032	0.799	−0.153	0.218
BMI (Kg.m-2)	−0.123	0.322	−0.178	0.149
FPG (mmol.L-1)	0.220	0.073	0.298	0.014
HbA1C (%)	0.500	0.000	0.496	0.000
FINS (μIU.mL-1)	−0.186	0.131	−0.205	0.096
FCP (ng.mL-1)	−0.128	0.303	−0.168	0.175
TC (mmol.L-1)	0.065	0.600	0.010	0.935
TG (mmol.L-1)	0.228	0.064	0.147	0.235
HDL (mmol.L-1)	−0.150	0.226	−0.200	0.105
LDL (mmol.L-1)	0.067	0.589	0.037	0.764
UA (μmol.L-1)	0.009	0.945	−0.209	0.089
Cr (mmol.L-1)	−0.199	0.107	−0.181	0.144
BUN (mmol.L-1)	−0.368	0.022	−0.288	0.018
U-MA (mg.L-1)	0.077	0.538	0.266	0.030
Hcy (μmol.L-1)	0.074	0.551	0.272	0.006
CRP (mg.l-1)	0.122	0.326	0.015	0.905
TSH (μIU.mL-1)	0.402	0.016	0.345	0.014

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA₁C, glycosylated hemoglobin; FINS, fasting insulin); FCP, fasting C-peptide; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; UA, uric acid; Cr, creatinine; BUN, urea nitrogen; U-MA, microalbumin; Hcy, homocysteine; CRP, C-reactive protein; TSH, Thyroid stimulating hormone.

Table 4 Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis of the Levels of CA19-9 and CEA

Items	CA19-9		CEA
	β	P	β	P
Constant	5.192	0.755	3.355	0.168
FPG (mmol.L-1)	−0.580	0.4344	−0.045	0.673
HbA1C (%)	4.418	0.007	0.466	0.035
FINS (μIU.mL-1)	−0.133	0.641	−0.018	0.667
FCP (ng.mL-1)	1.056	0.442	0.096	0.630
TC (mmol.L-1)	−3.029	0.321	−0.362	0.411
TG (mmol.L-1)	1.269	0.271	0.319	0.069
HDL (mmol.L-1)	0.783	0.885	−0.162	0.836
LDL (mmol.L-1)	3.206	0.332	0.370	0.438
UA (μmol.L-1)	0.012	0.482	−0.004	0.125
Cr (mmol.L-1)	0.069	0.348	−0.001	0.922
BUN (mmol.L-1)	−2.456	0.015	−0.162	0.258
U-MA (mg.L-1)	0.014	0.705	0.011	0.032
Hcy (μmol.L-1)	−0.212	0.336	0.040	0.215
CRP (mg.L-1)	0.173	0.653	−0.173	0.283
TSH (μIU.mL-1)	1.603	0.160	0.009	0.960

Abbreviations: FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA₁C, glycosylated hemoglobin; FINS, fasting insulin); FCP, fasting C-peptide; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; UA, uric acid; Cr, creatinine; BUN, urea nitrogen; U-MA, microalbumin; Hcy, homocysteine; CRP, C-reactive protein; TSH, Thyroid stimulating hormone.