Systemic Infection Predictive Value of Procalcitonin to Lactic Acid Ratio in Diabetes Ketoacidosis Patients

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic and Metabolism Characterisation of Study Participants

	Infection (n=62)	Non-Infection (n=103)	T/F/χ^2 value	P-value
General data
Gender (Male/Female)	33/29	53/50	0.049	0.826
Age (year)	44.69±17.91	46.86±17.37	0.768	0.443
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.55±3.69	22.03±4.19	−0.546	0.587
Duration of diabetes (year)	5(0–10)	2(0–10)	−4.46	<0.001
Type of diabetes (T1DM/T2DM)	19/43	28/75	0.228	0.633
Blood pressure	126.46±12.53	124.92±13.26	−0.737	0.462
Fever ≥ 38.1°C (Number)	21	22	2.920	0.087
Laboratory indicators
Leucocytes (× 10^9 /L)	14.45±3.83	7.65(5.62–10.69)	−6.590	<0.001
Increased (Number)	43	33
Neutrophils (%)	83.65(76.58–86.40)	74.35(63.73–82.45)	−5.464	<0.001
Increased (Number)	57	59
CRP (mg/L)	47.38(14.00–133.73)	17.05(5–42.85)	−3.954	<0.001
Increased (Number)	47	73
PCT (ng/mL)	1.56(0.91–3.99)	0.43(0.23–0.78)	−6.409	<0.001
Increased (Number)	58	94
Lac (mmol/L)	2.63±1.38	2.20±1.29	−2.020	0.045
PLR	1.09(0.58–2.24)	0.22(0.17–0.32)	−7.447	<0.001
Cr (μmol/L)	94(69.00–128.00)	70.30(50.95–89.80)	−3.135	0.002
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2)	92.42±18.56	117.23±21.45	7.560	<0.001
ALT (U/L)	17(9–23)	18(12–26)	0.257	0.781
AST (U/L)	17(8–22)	16(10–21)	−0.146	0.824
TBil (µmol/L)	10.56±3.02	11.25±3.43	1.308	0.193
D-dimer (µg/L)	0.61(0.27–1.16)	0.55(0.19–1.08)	−0.503	0.624
PH	7.23±0.05	7.24±0.04	1.414	0.159
HCO3- (mmo/L)	12.36±3.25	13.42±3.67	1.874	0.063

Note: Data are mean ± SD, or median (interquartile range).

Table 2 Mutually Adjusted Odds Ratios for Infection in DKA Patients

Factor	Multivariate Model*
	OR	95% CI	P-value
Leucocytes (≥10 × 10^9/L vs.<10 × 10^9/L)	4.145	1.153–14.900	0.029
PLR (IQR)	7.732	3.403–17.569	<0.001

Notes: *Variables with p <0.05 in univariate analysis (duration of diabetes, leukocytes, N%, CRP, PCT, Lac, eGFR, and PCT/Lac ratio) were included in the multivariable analysis.

Figure 1 Receiver operating characteristics curve of PCT/Lac ratio and WBC.

Figure 2 PLR and WBC as markers for the diagnosis of DKA infection.

Figure 3 Receiver operating characteristics curve of T1DM and T2DM.