Atherosclerosis Risk Factors in Patients with Reactive Hypoglycemia

Figures & data

Table 1 Univariate Logistic Regression

Feature	OR	95% OR	P-value
Age	1.02	0.99–1.04	0.11
Gender (men)	4.1	1.7–9.9	0.002
Arterial hypertension	2.3	1.02–5.3	0.05
Dyslipidemia	5.5	2.7–11.2	0.0001
Body mass	1.1	1.05–1.1	1.1
BMI	1.22	1.15–1.3	0.0001
HOMA-IR	2.13	1.6–2.9	0.0001
Fasting glycemia	1.06	1.02–1.1	0.003
1st hour OGTT glycemia	1.02	1.01–1.03	0.0001
2nd hour OGTT glycemia	1.03	1.02–1.04	0.0001
3rd hour OGTT glycemia	1.02	1.001–1.03	0.04
4th hour OGTT glycemia	1.002	0.98–1.03	0.89
5th hour OGTT glycemia	0.99	0.96–1.03	0.6
Impaired fasting glucose	2.8	0.7–11.4	0.16
Impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus	8.5	2.8–26.1	0.0002
RH	0.3	0.16–0.7	0.002
Fasting insulin	1.2	1.1–1.3	0.0001
Insulin: 1 hour after glucose administration	1.02	1.01–1.02	0.0001
Insulin: 2 hours after glucose administration	1.02	1.01–1.03	0.0001
Insulin: 3 hours after glucose administration	1.01	1.002–1.03	0.02
Insulin: 4 hours after glucose administration	1.2	1.1–1.2	0.0001
Insulin: 5 hours after glucose administration	1.4	1.2–1.5	0.0001
Total cholesterol	1.02	1.01–1.03	0.0003
LDL-cholesterol	1.02	1.01–1.03	0.0001
HDL-cholesterol	0.85	0.8–0.9	0.0001
Triglycerides	1.13	1.09–1.2	0.0001

Abbreviations: RH, reactive hypoglycemia; BMI, body mass index; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; LDL, low density lipoprotein; HDL, high density lipoprotein; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone; OR, odds ratio.

Table 2 Multivariate Logistic Regression

Feature	p	OR	Confidence OR −95%	Confidence OR 95%
Triglycerides	0.001	1.139	1.075	1.206
Body mass	0.002	1.070	1.025	1.118

Abbreviation: OR, odds ratio.

Table 3 Anthropometric Data, Blood Tests Results

Feature	Group 1 – Patients Without RH N=44 (±SD)	Group 2 – Patients With RH N=134 (±SD)	P-value
Age (years)	34.1±0.4	36.7±0.4	0.46
Gender (male, n(%))	7(15.9)	21(15.7)	0.97
Arterial Hypertension (n (%))	9(20.5)	19(14.2)	0.32
Dyslipidemia	17(38.6)	33(24.6)	0.07
Body mass (kg)	92.9±26.3	77.4±22.1	0.0006
BMI (kg/m²)	32.2±8.5	27.6±7.4	0.001
HOMA-IR	2.7±2.14	1.9±1.6	0.02
Fasting glycemia (mg/dl)	87.4±9.1	83.3±9.1	0.02
1st hour OGTT glycemia (mg/dl)	125.9±42.4	132.1±43.9	0.25
2nd hour OGTT glycemia (mg/dl)	106.6±27.8	102.3±35	0.42
3rd hour OGTT glycemia (mg/dl)	85.4±13.3	73.5±22.6	0.00001
4th hour OGTT glycemia (mg/dl)	80.4±9.2	66.9±10.9	0.000001
5th hour OGTT glycemia (mg/dl)	81.4±7.6	76.4±8.8	0.0005
Impaired fasting glucose (n (%))	3(6.8)	6(4.5)	0.54
Impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus (n (%))	6(13.6)	18(13.4)	0.97
Fasting insulin (mIU/L)	12.4±8.7	9.7±7.6	0.04
Insulin: 1 hour after glucose administration (mIU/L)	77.3±52.7	83.8±55.3	0.35
Insulin: 2 hours after glucose administration (mIU/L)	62.4±56.7	69±71.2	0.51
Insulin: 3 hours after glucose administration (mIU/L)	24.9±24.4	26.4±42	0.41
Insulin: 4 hours after glucose administration (mIU/L)	16.1±35.6	10.2±22.2	0.008
Insulin: 5 hours after glucose administration (mIU/L)	12.3±20.3	6.3±5.5	0.01
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	183.3±32.7	179.6±37.7	0.61
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	102.9±35.1	96.5±31.4	0.31
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	54.3±18.8	63±18.5	0.003
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	129.1±75.9	104.9±63.3	0.02
Cortisol 8:00 AM (μg/dL)	14±7.2	13.4±5.2	0.78
TSH (μU/mL)	1.8±1.13	1.93±1.1	0.48
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.8±0.1	0.8±0.1	0.97
CRI-I	3.7±1.2	3.1±1.3	0.004
CRI-II	2.1±0.9	1.7±0.9	0.007
AIP	0.34±0.33	0.18±0.3	0.006
AC	2.7±1.2	2.1±1.3	0.004
Acetylosalicylic acid (n (%))	1(2.3)	2(1.5)	0.72
ACEI (n (%))	3(6.8)	11(8.2)	0.76
Angiotensin receptor blockers (n (%))	0(0)	2(1.5)	0.41
Beta-adrenergic blocking agents (n (%))	5(11.4)	14(10.4)	0.86
Indapamide (n (%))	3(6.8)	4(2.9)	0.26
Alpha blockers (n (%))	2(4.5)	2(1.5)	0.24
Calcium channel blockers (n (%))	1(2.3)	8(5.9)	0.33

Abbreviations: RH, reactive hypoglycemia; BMI, body mass index; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; LDL, low density lipoprotein; HDL, high density lipoprotein; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone; CRI-I, Castelli’s Risk Index I; CRI-II, Castelli’s Risk Index II; AIP, Atherogenic Index of Plasma; AC, Atherogenic Coefficient; ACEI, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.