Self-Care Practice and Associated Factors Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at a Referral Hospital in Northern Ethiopia – A Mixed Methods Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Dessie Referral Hospital, 2019 (n = 328)

Variables		Frequency	Percent
Age Group (years)	30–39	34	10.4
	40–49	68	20.7
	50–59	93	28.4
	60–69	81	24.7
	≥70	52	15.9
Sex	Male	147	44.8
	Female	181	55.2
Marital Status	Single	7	2.1
	Divorced	46	14.0
	Married	207	63.1
	Widowed	68	20.7
Residence	Urban	238	72.6
	Rural	90	27.4
Employment type	Unemployed	123	37.5
	Government	71	21.6
	Private	134	40.9
Educational Level	Cannot read and write	104	31.7
	Read and write	30	9.1
	Primary education	86	26.2
	Secondary education	47	14.3
	College and above	61	18.6
Occupation	House Wife	84	25.6
	Farmer	82	25.0
	Merchant	43	13.1
	Retired	35	10.7
	Office worker	32	9.8
	Teacher	29	8.8
	Others	23	7.0

Table 2 DM Care and History of DM Patients at Dessie Referral Hospital, 2019 (n = 328)

Variables		Frequency	Percent
DM duration (years)	1–5	159	48.5
	6–10	104	31.7
	≥11	65	19.8
Family history of DM	Yes	56	17.1
	No	269	82.0
	Do not know	3	0.9
DM treatment type	Oral hypoglycemic	247	75.3
	Injection	78	23.8
	Both	3	0.9
DM complication	Yes	155	47.3
	No	173	52.7
Owning glucometer	Yes	60	18.3
	No	268	81.7
Measuring glucose level	Yes	36	60.0
	No	24	40.0
	Total	60	100.0
Comorbidities	Yes	141	43.0
	No	187	57.0
DM education	Yes	124	37.8
	No	204	62.2
DM association membership	Yes	57	17.4
	No	271	82.6
Getting counseling	Yes	225	68.6
	No	103	31.4
Payment Type	Free	70	21.3
	Insurance	108	32.9
	Out of pocket	150	45.7

Table 3 Knowledge and Social Support Status of DM Patients at Dessie Referral Hospital, 2019 (n = 328)

Variables		Frequency	Percent
DM Knowledge	Good	181	55.2
	Poor	147	44.8
Social Support	Good	181	55.2
	Poor	147	44.8

Figure 1 Self-care practice of DM patients at Dessie Referral Hospital, 2019 (n = 328).

Table 4 Factors Associated with Overall Diabetes Self-Care Practice in Dessie Referral Hospital, 2019 (n = 328)

Variables	Categories	Self-Care Practice		COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
		Good	Poor
Age group	30-39	23	11	1	1
	40-49	40	28	0.683 (0.287, 0.624)	0.677 (0.270, 1.696)
	50-59	48	45	0.510 (0.223, 1.165)	0.514 (0.214, 1.237)
	60-69	33	48	0.329 (0.141, 0.765)	0.334 (0.135, 0.823)*
	≥70	21	31	0.324 (0.131, 0.803)	0.359 (0.135, 0.951)*
Employment type	Private	60	74	1
	Unemployed	62	61	1.511 (0.835, 2.733)
	Government	43	28	0.798 (0.488, 1.303)
Occupation category	Housewife	42	42	1
	Farmer	34	48	0.708 (0.384, 1.308)
	Merchant	19	24	0.792 (0.378, 1.657)
	Retired	19	16	1.188 (0.539, 2.618)
	Office worker	16	16	1.000 (0.443, 2.258)
	Teacher	21	8	2.625 (1.0463, 6.586)
	Other	14	9	1.556 (0.607, 3.983)
Educational level	Cannot read and write	40	64	1
	Read and write	13	17	1.224 (0.537, 2.787)
	Primary education	47	39	1.928 (1.080, 3.444)
	Secondary education	28	19	2.358 (1.166, 4.767)
	College and above	37	24	2.467 (1.290, 4.716)
DM complication	Yes	85	70	1.412 (0.914, 2.181)	1.956 (1.172, 3.262)*
	No	80	93	1	1
Home glucometer	Yes	38	22	1.918 (1.077, 3.416)
	No	127	141	1	1
Co-morbidities	Yes	61	80	0.609 (0.392, 0.946)	0.443 (0.262, 0.749)*
	No	104	83	1	1
DM education	Yes	81	43	2.691 (1.693, 4.276)	2.684 (1.633, 4.412)*
	No	84	120	1	1
DM association membership	Yes	39	18	2.493 (1.358, 4.577)
	No	126	145	1
Payment type	Free	41	29	1.172 (0.660, 2.081)
	Insurance	42	66	0.528 (0.319, 0.873)
	Out of pocket	82	68	1
Diabetes Knowledge	Good knowledge	103	78	1
	Poor knowledge	62	85	0.552 (0.356, 0.858)

Note: *p-value <0.05 (statistically significant).