Association of CLTA-4 Gene Polymorphisms with Diabetes Mellitus: A Study Based on the Han Population of Northern China

Figures & data

Table 1 Conditions for PCR-RFLP

Reference SNP ID		Restrict Enzyme	Temperature	Fragments
rs231775	CTLA4+49A/G	BbvI	37°C	AA:162bp
				AG:162bp+88bp+74bp
				GG:88bp+74bp
rs5742909	CTLA4-318C/T	MseI	37°C	CC:226bp+21bp
				CT:226bp+130bp+96bp+21bp
				TT:130bp+96bp+21bp

Table 2 Participants’ Clinical Characteristics

	Gender		Age (Years)	Fasting Blood Glucose (mM)	C Peptide (ng/mL)
	Male	Female
DM	132(56.4%)	102(43.6%)	56.9±13.2
T1DM	8(61.5%)	5(38.5%)	43.8±15.3	14.76±5.33	0.59±0.51
T2DM	124(56.1%)	97(43.9%)	57.6±12.6	10.38±4.35	2.29±1.03
Control group	116(62%)	71(38%)	48.6±19.3	4.87±2.35	0.71±0.34

Abbreviations: T1DM, type 1 diabetes; T2DM, type 2 diabetes.

Table 3 Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium Test for CTLA-4+49A/G and −318C/T Gene Polymorphisms

	Genotype	Observed	Expected	χ^2	P
CTLA4+49A/G	AA	34	29.213	0.784	0.134
	AG	75	84.574	1.083
	GG	66	61.212	0.374
CTLA4-318C/T	CC	139	139.674	0.003	0.638
	CT	40	38.651	0.047
	TT	2	2.674	0.169

Table 4 Distribution of the CTLA-4 Polymorphisms in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes and Controls

		Genotype				Allele
		AA	AG		GG	A	G
CTLA-4+49A/G	T1DM	2(16.7%)	3(25%)		7(58.3%)	7(29.2%)	17(70.8%)
	Control	34 (19.4%)	75(42.9%)		66(37.7%)	143(41%)	207(59%)
	χ^2	2.112				1.278
	P	0.348				0.258
CTLA4-318C/T		CC		CT/TT		C	T
	T1DM	12 (92.3%)		1 (7.7%)		0 (0%)	25(96.2%)
	Control	139(76.8%)		40(22.1%)		2(1.1%)	318(87.8%)
	χ^2	2.185				0.923
	P	0.335				0.337

Table 5 Distribution of the CTLA-4 Polymorphisms in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Controls

		Genotype				Allele
		AA	AG		GG	A	G
CTLA-4+49A/G	T2DM	51 (29.1%)	79(45.1%)		45(25.7%)	181(52%)	169(48%)
	Control	34 (19.4%)	75(42.9%)		66(37.7%)	143(41%)	207(59%)
	χ^2	7.477				8.297
	P	0.024				0.004
CTLA4-318C/T		CC		CT/TT		C	T
	T2DM	155(79.1%)		40(20.4%)		1(0.5%)	350(89.3%)
	Control	139(76.8%)		40(22.1%)		2(1.1%)	318(87.8%)
	χ^2	0.614				0.386
	P	0.736				0.534

Table 6 Distribution of the CTLA-4 Polymorphisms in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with DK+ and DK

		Genotype				Allele
		AA	AG		GG	A	G
CTLA-4+49A/G	T2DM DK+	4 (23.5%)	9 (52.9%)		4(23.5%)	17 (50%)	17(50%)
	T2DM DK -	47 (29.7%)	70 (44.3%)		41(25.9%)	164(51.9%)	152(48.1%)
	χ^2	0.494				0.044
	P	0.781				0.833
CTLA4-318C/T		CC		CT/TT		C	T
	T2DM DK+	16(69.6%)		7(30.4%)		39(73.6%)	14(26.4%)
	T2DM DK-	137(79.2)		36(20.8%)		309(89.3%)	37(10.7%)
	χ^2	1.098				10.19
	P	0.295				0.001

Table 7 Distribution of the CTLA-4 Polymorphisms in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with DN+ and DN

		Genotype				Allele
		AA	AG		GG	A	G
CTLA-4+49A/G	T2DM DN+	15 (35.7%)	20 (47.6%)		7(16.7%)	50(59.5%)	34(40.5%)
	T2DM DN-	36 (27.1%)	59 (44.4%)		38(28.6%)	131(49.2%)	135(50.8%
	χ^2	2.653				2.7
	P	0.265				0.1
CTLA4-318C/T		CC		CT/TT		C	T
	T2DM DN+	37(80.4%)		9(19.6%)		0(0%)	83(90.2%)
	T2DM DN-	116(77.3%)		33(22%)		1(0.7%)	265(88.3%)
	χ2	0.677				0.251
	P	0.713				0.617

Table 8 Distribution of the CTLA-4 Polymorphisms in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Ab+ and Ab

		Genotype				Allele
		AA	AG		GG	A	G
CTLA-4+49A/G	T2DM Ab+	3(21.4%)	8(57.1%)		3(21.4%)	14(50%)	14 (50%)
	T2DM Ab-	21(21.6%)	45(46.4%)		31(32%)	87(44.8%)	107(55.2%)
	χ^2	0.769				0.262
	P	0.681				0.609
CTLA4-318C/T		CC		CT/TT		C		T
	T2DM Ab+	13(76.5%)		4(23.5%)		29(85.3%)		5(14.7%)
	T2DM Ab-	73(76%)		23(24%)		169(88%)		23(12%)
	χ^2	0.001				0.19
	P	0.969				0.663