Analysis of Blood Pressure and Ventilation Efficiency in Different Types of Obesity Aged 40–60 Years by Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical Characteristics of the Study Subjects

Variables	N=543	Male (n=351)	Female (n=192)	P-value
Age(Year)	49.06±5.82	49.68±6.37	47.92±4.46	P<0.001
BMI(kg/m^2)	24.61±3.02	25.54±2.90	22.92±2.44	P<0.001
FPG(mmol/L)	5.29±0.75	5.43±0.84	5.02±0.42	P<0.001
ALT(U/L)	20 (14, 28)	22 (19, 26)	19 (17, 23)	P<0.001
AST(U/L)	21 (18, 25)	23 (17, 32)	14 (11, 19.75)	P<0.001
TC(mmol/L)	5.07±0.90	5.04±0.89	5.13±0.91	P=0.253
TG(mmol/L)	1.25 (0.92, 1.76)	1.44 (1.10, 2.02)	0.99 (0.76, 1.34)	P<0.001
HDL-C(mmol/L)	1.31±0.33	1.21±0.28	1.51±0.33	P<0.001
LDL-C(mmol/L)	3.07±0.73	3.10±0.73	3.03±0.72	P=0.283
Resting SBP(mmHg)	120.56±14.93	123.26±14.24	115.62±14.94	P<0.001
Resting DBP(mmHg)	77.14±10.40	79.32±9.28	73.17±11.16	P<0.001
Peak SBP(mmHg)	177.00±24.99	184.56±22.89	163.17±22.69	P<0.001
Peak DBP(mmHg)	85.30±11.23	87.20±10.23	81.83±12.12	P<0.001
ECG(normal)	527 (97.1)	342 (97.44)	185 (96.35)	P=0.476
ECG(abnormal)	16 (2.9)	9 (2.56)	7 (3.65)	P=0.476
VE/VCO2	27.42±3.08	27.26±3.06	27.72±3.10	P=0.092
VO2/HR(mL/beat)	0.90±0.15	0.89±0.15	0.93±0.15	P=0.001
Breathing reserve (%)	0.51±0.14	0.50±0.14	0.52±0.13	P=0.075
VO2/WR(mL/w)	9.14±1.48	9.21±1.34	9.00±1.68	P=0.116

Figure 1 Flowchart for selection of study participants.

Table 2 Clinical Characteristics in Different BMI Groups

Variables	BMI<24 (n=234)	24≤BMI<28 (n=246)	BMI≥28 (n=63)	Partial eta-Squared (ηp^2)	95%Confidence Interval	P-value
Age(Year)	48.55±5.44	49.55±5.97	49.02±6.51	0.007	(0–0.020)	P=0.170
BMI(kg/m^2)	21.93±1.52	25.80±1.13^a	29.96±1.95^ab	0.779	(0.750–0.802)	P<0.001
FPG(mmol/L)	5.15±0.60	5.31±0.72^a	5.69±1.13^ab	0.047	(0.017–0.084)	P<0.001
ALT(U/L)	20 (17, 23.25)	22 (19, 26)^a	24 (21, 29)^ab	0.114	(0.067–0.163)	P<0.001
AST(U/L)	15.5 (12, 21)	22 (17, 30)^a	29 (23, 44)^a	0.038	(0.011–0.072)	P<0.001
TC(mmol/L)	5.10±0.85	5.02±0.92	5.17±0.98	0.003	(0–0.014)	0.398
TG(mmol/L)	1.00 (0.76, 1.32)	1.50 (1.10, 2.21)^a	1.76 (1.32, 2.44)^ab	0.112	(0.065–0.161)	P<0.001
HDL-C(mmol/L)	1.50±0.33	1.19±0.25^a	1.11±0.23^a	0.249	(0.188–0.306)	P<0.001
LDL-C(mmol/L)	3.00±0.70	3.08±0.72	3.27±0.85^a	0.012	(0–0.034)	0.038
Resting SBP(mmHg)	116.83±14.85	123.07±14.96^a	124.64±11.89^a	0.048	(0.018–0.086)	P<0.001
Resting DBP(mmHg)	73.79±10.57	79.20±9.64^a	81.57±8.88^a	0.084	(0.043–0.129)	P<0.001
Peak SBP(mmHg)	168.55±24.63	181.92±23.48^a	189.21±22.04^a	0.095	(0.050–0.139)	P<0.001
Peak DBP(mmHg)	83.18±11.89	86.35±10.65^a	89.13±9.31^a	0.033	(0.008–0.064)	P<0.001
ECG(normal)	226 (96.58)	239 (97.15)	62 (98.41)			P=0.741
ECG(abnormal)	8 (3.42)	7 (2.85)	1 (1.59)			P=0.741
VE/VCO2	27.41±3.19	27.40±3.02	27.55±2.93	0.000	(0–0.011)	P=0.938
VO2/HR(mL/beat)	0.91±0.16	0.89±0.15	0.92±0.16	0.007	(0–0.022)	P=0.134
Breathing reserve(%)	0.52±0.13	0.50±0.13	0.46±0.17^a	0.021	(0.002–0.048)	P=0.004
VO2/WR(mL/w)	9.16±1.54	9.15±1.49	9.12±1.22	0.000	(0-NA)	P=0.982

Notes: ^aMultiple comparison with Bonferroni-adjusted P<0.05 when compared with BMI<24. ^bMultiple comparison with Bonferroni-adjusted P<0.05 when compared with 24≤BMI<28.

Table 3 Clinical Characteristics in Different Male Waist Circumference Groups

Variables	Waist Circumference<90 (n=183)	Waist Circumference≥90 (n=166)	P-value
BMI(kg/m^2)	23.75±2.03	27.47±2.41	P<0.001
Resting SBP(mmol/L)	121.88±14.77	124.69±13.55	P=0.066
Resting DBP(mmol/L)	77.70±9.45	81.16±8.80	P<0.001
Peak SBP(mmol/L)	183.54±23.28	185.81±22.58	P=0.363
Peak DBP(mmol/L)	85.67±10.21	89.03±9.94	P=0.002
ECG(normal)	178 (97.27)	162(97.59)	P=1.000
ECG(abnormal)	5 (2.73)	4(2.41)
VE/VCO2	26.84±3.10	27.68±2.93	P=0.009
VO2/HR(mL/beat)	0.89±0.14	0.88±0.16	P=0.316
Respiratory reserve(%)	0.51±0.13	0.48±0.15	P=0.107
VO2/WR(mL/w)	9.20±1.26	9.23±1.46	P=0.848

Table 4 Clinical Characteristics in Different Female Waist Circumference Groups

Variables	Waist Circumference<85 (n=148)	Waist Circumference≥85 (n=44)	P-value
BMI(kg/m^2)	21.96±1.70	26.141.70	P<0.001
Resting SBP(mmHg)	113.76±14.29	121.86±15.54	P=0.001
Resting DBP(mmHg)	71.95±10.83	77.27±11.42	P=0.005
Peak SBP(mmHg)	162.22±21.60	166.45±26.11	P=0.288
Peak DBP(mmHg)	82.08±12.82	80.98±9.42	P=0.604
ECG(normal)	143 (96.62)	42(95.45)	P=1.000
ECG(abnormal)	5 (3.38)	2(4.55)
VE/VCO2	27.63±3.10	28.04±3.11	P=0.453
VO2/HR(mL/beat)	0.93±0.16	0.94±0.13	P=0.642
Respiratory reserve(%)	0.51±0.13	0.54±0.13	P=0.283
VO2/WR (mL/w)	9.02±1.71	8.93±1.57	P=0.743