Analysis of the Outcomes of 73 Patients with Exogenous Positive Insulin Anti-Body

Figures & data

Figure 1 (A) Comparison of pre-treatment fasting insulin in the 1-year IA-negative seroconversion group, the 2-year IA-negative seroconversion group, and the IA non-negative seroconversion group. (B) Comparison of pre-treatment 2-h insulin in the 1-year IA-negative seroconversion group, the 2-year IA-negative seroconversion group, and the IA non-negative seroconversion group. *P-value < 0.05, **P-value < 0.01, ***P-value < 0.001.

Table 1 Comparison of Conditions Before and After Treatment in Negative Converted Group and Non-Negative Converted Group

	Negative Converted Group				Non-Negative Converted Group
	Before Treatment	After Treatment	T/Z	P	Before Treatment	After Treatment	T/Z	P
FBG (mmol/L)	8.736 ± 3.073	6.940 ± 1.184	4.224	0.000	9.383 ± 2.128	7.425 ± 1.559	4.142	0.001
2HBG (mmol/L)	16.328 ± 3.931	10.824 ± 2.611	10.376	0.000	15.212 ± 4.600	11.491 ± 3.327	3.163	0.001
C peptide 0 min (nmol/L)	0.782(0.405, 1.095)	0.620(0.345, 0.805)	−0.256	0.040	0.833(0.473, 11.010)	0.474(0.180, 0.648)	−2.948	0.003
C peptide 120 min (nmol/L)	2.143(1.125, 2.740)	1.447(0.855, 1.945)	−3.818	0.000	1.541(0.865, 2.163)	0.956(0.575, 1.380)	−2.726	0.006
Insulin 0 min (μIU/mL)	54.739 ± 61.960	10.351 ± 5.527	5.545	0.000	144.258 ± 134.528	27.036 ± 30.125	3.721	0.002
Insulin 120 min (μIU/mL)	124.699 ± 79.683	29.525 ± 16.951	9.918	0.000	265.191 ± 216.785	48.491 ± 35.618	4.259	0.001
HbA1c (%)	7.900 ± 1.425	6.946(6.550, 7.200)	−4.325	0.000	8.525 ± 1.505	7.075 ± 0.632	3.969	0.001
Dosage of insulin (U)	41.419 ± 11.882	20.677 ± 7.157	14.223	0.000	45.310 ± 24.116	22.310 ± 6.626	4.129	0.001

Table 2 Comparison Between Negative Converted Group and Non-Negative Converted Group After Treatment

	Negative Converted Group	Non-Negative Converted Group	T/Z	P
Gender (M/F)	28/29	10/6	-	0.344
Age (year)	59.702 ± 10.233	60.563 ± 7.589	−0.313	0.756
BMI (kg/m^2)	25.330 ± 2.939	25.491 ± 3.087	−0.192	0.848
Course of diabetes (year)	9.769 ± 7.354	12.969 ± 7.413	−1.535	0.129
Duration of insulin use (year)	4.189 ± 4.032	4.844 ± 3.482	−0.590	0.557
FBG (mmol/L)	6.940 ± 1.184	7.425 ± 1.559	−1.348	0.182
2HBG (mmol/L)	10.824 ± 2.611	11.491 ± 3.328	−0.849	0.399
HbA1c (%)	6.946 ± 0.659	7.075 ± 0.632	−0.700	0.486
C peptide 0 min (nmol/L)	0.620(0.345, 0.805)	0.474(0.180, 0.648)	−1.507	0.132
C peptide 120 min (nmol/L)	1.447(0.855, 1.945)	0.956(0.575, 1.380)	−2.287	0.022
Insulin 0 min (μIU/mL)	10.351 ± 5.527	27.036 ± 30.125	−2.205	0.043
Insulin 120 min (μIU/mL)	29.525 ± 16.951	48.491 ± 35.618	−2.065	0.055

Figure 2 Comparison of daily insulin dose, insulin at 0 minutes, and insulin at 120 minutes between the IA-negative converted group and the non-negative converted group before and after treatment. (A) In the insulin group, the insulin dose decreased after changing the treatment regimen regardless of whether IA turned negative. (B) After 2 years of treatment, the insulin at 0 and 120 minutes decreased in the OADs group and the insulin group. **P-value < 0.01, ***P-value < 0.001.

Figure 3 (A) The concentrations of C-peptide at 0 minutes and insulin at 0 minutes in the negative converted group reduced the fastest in the initial 3 months; this reduction slowed after 3 months. (B) The concentrations of C-peptide at 120 minutes and insulin at 120 minutes in the negative converted group reduced the fastest in the initial 3 months; this reduction slowed after 3 months.

Table 3 Comparison Between OADs Group and Insulin Group Before and After Treatment

	N(OADs/Insulin)	OADs Group	Insulin Group	T/Z	P
Gender (M/F)	–	17/12	21/23	–	0.474
Age (year)	29/44	58.103 ± 9.976	61.068 ± 9.397	−1.287	0.202
BMI (kg/m2)	29/44	25.669 ± 2.961	25.165 ± 2.961	0.711	0.479
Duration of diabetes (year)	29/44	5.632 ± 6.161	13.659 + 6.455	−5.292	0.000
Duration of insulin treatment (year)	29/44	3.078 ± 3.624	5.159 ± 3.901	−2.294	0.025
FBG (mmol/L)	29/44	8.152 ± 2.880	9.356 ± 2.830	−1.767	0.082
2HBG (mmol/L)	29/44	15.401 ± 2.839	16.533 ± 4.701	−1.282	0.204
HbA1c (%)	29/44	7.607 ± 1.199	8.320 ± 1.551	−2.097	0.040
C peptide 0 min (nmol/L)	29/44	1.040(0.565, 1.350)	0.631(0.400, 0.788)	−3.095	0.002
C peptide 120 min (nmol/L)	29/44	2.841(1.465, 3.340)	1.464(0.780, 2.108)	−3.659	0.000
Insulin 0 min (μIU/mL)	29/44	76.910 ± 80.201	72.678 ± 97.188	0.195	0.699
Insulin 120 min (μIU/mL)	29/44	173.780 ± 106.634	143.438 ± 150.395	0.941	0.703
Daily dosage of insulin before treatment (U)	29/44	35.517 ± 12.420	42.568 ± 16.249	−1.984	0.051
FBG after two years of treatment (mmol/L)	29/44	7.183 ± 1.070	6.955 ± 1.406	0.743	0.460
2HBG after two years of treatment (mmol/L)	29/44	10.552 ± 2.850	11.246 ± 2.718	−1.047	0.299
HbA1c after two years of treatment (%)	29/44	6.759 ± 0.538	7.116 ± 0.685	−2.368	0.021
C peptide 0 min after two years of treatment (nmol/L)	29/44	0.830(0.655, 0.935)	0.428(0.225, 0.628)	−5.124	0.000
C peptide 120 min after two years of treatment (nmol/L)	29/44	1.908(1.405, 2.415)	0.964(0.515, 1.215)	−5.338	0.000
Insulin 0 min after two years of treatment (μIU/mL)	29/44	14.917 ± 16.895	13.409 ± 15.826	0.388	0.699
Insulin 120 min after two years of treatment (μIU/mL)	29/44	40.441 ± 24.534	29.227 ± 21.868	2.042	0.045
Daily dosage of insulin after two years of treatment (U)	29/44	–	21.159±6.968	–	–

Figure 4 Comparison of C-peptide in the OADs group and the insulin group. Before and after treatment, C-peptide at 0 minutes and C-peptide at 120 minutes in the OADs group were found to be higher than in the insulin group. **P-value < 0.01, ***P-value < 0.001.

Figure 5 Comparison of course of diabetes and duration of insulin use in the OADs group and the insulin group. (A) The course of type-2 diabetes in the OADs group was significantly lower than in the insulin group. (B) The duration of insulin use in the OADs group was significantly lower than in the insulin group. ***P-value < 0.001.