Relationships Between Indicators of Metabolic Disorders and Selected Concentrations of Bioelements and Lead in Serum and Bone Tissue in Aging Men

Figures & data

Table 1 Instrumental Operating Parameters for ICP OES, ICAP 7400, Thermo Scientific

Parameter	Value
RF power	1150 W
Plasma gas flow	12 L/min
Auxiliary gas flow	0.5 L/min
Nebulizer gas flow	05 L/min
Nebulizer model	K-Type Concentric
Plasma view	Axial and Radial
Peristaltic pump flow	0.8 mL/min
Calibration	Linear Calculated Intercept

Table 2 Descriptive Characteristics of the Study Group (n=151)

Variable	Me	SD	Lower Quartile	Upper Quartile
Age [years]	66.00	5.03	62.00	70.00
Body weight [kg]	90.00	15.16	80.00	100.00
WC [cm]	102.50	11.61	97.50	113.00
BMI [kg/m^2]	29.41	3.130	26.73	32.00
VAI	2.27	1.58	1.73	3.46
LAP	67.48	40.20	46.21	96.47
CHT [mg/dl]	177.80	46.48	147.00	205.10
HDL [mg/dl]	39.85	10.59	32.40	46.90
TG [mg/dl]	154.65	68.84	115.00	204.30
Non-HDL [mg/dl]	134.70	46.17	105.30	169.50
LDL [mg/dl]	99.72	50.65	71.24	131.86

Abbreviations: Me, median; SD, standard deviation; WC, waist circumference; BMI, body mass index; VAI, visceral adiposity index; LAP, lipid accumulation product; CHT, total cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; TG, triglyceride; Non-HDL, non-HDL cholesterol levels; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.

Table 3 ROC Curve Parameters

Parameter	AUC	P	Cut-off Point	CI AUC Lower 95%	CI AUC Upper 95%
BMI	0.638	0.007	28.63	0.537	0.738
VAI	0.750	<0.001	2.27	0.650	0.849
LAP	0.774	<0.001	67.09	0.683	0.866

Note: The results of the ROC analysis.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; VAI, visceral adiposity index; LAP, lipid accumulation product; AUC, area under the ROC diagram; p, statistical significance; CI, confidence interval.

Figure 1 ROC plot against METS and fat accumulation indices.

Table 4 Differences in the Concentrations of Bioelements and Pb Between Groups, n=151

Variables		BMI									VAI									LAP
		Above Cut-off Vertical				Below Cut-off Vert				p	Above Cut-off Vertical				Below Cut-off Vert				p	Above Cut-off Vertical				Below Cut-off Vert				p
		Me	SD	Lower Quartile	Upper Quartile	Me	SD	Lower Quartile	Upper Quartile		Me	SD	Lower Quartile	Upper Quartile	Me	SD	Lower Quartile	Upper Quartile		Me	SD	Lower Quartile	Upper Quartile	Me	SD	Lower Quartile	Upper Quartile
Age		66.00	5.11	61.00	69.00	66.00	5.00	64.00	71.00	0.269	66.00	5.02	62.00	69.00	65.27	4.773	64.000	71.00	0.511	66.00	5.13	62.00	69.00	65.00	5.41	63.00	71.00	0.704
Serum concentration	Zn [mg/L]	1.19	0.49	1.50	1.502	1.28	0.34	1.09	1.67	0.346	1.37	0.31	1.22	1.68	1.29	0.45	1.109	1.46	0.071	1.35	0.32	1.19	1.66	1.29	0.40	1.13	1.49	0.327
	Cu [mg/L]	0.90	0.23	1.09	1.086	0.98	0.17	0.87	1.13	0.657	1.02	0.22	0.89	1.09	0.99	0.16	0.884	1.08	0.690	1.02	0.23	0.90	1.09	1.24	0.25	0.88	1.07	0.685
	Fe [mg/L]	1.25	0.60	1.92	1.917	1.51	0.71	1.17	2.00	0.504	1.58	0.62	1.21	1.86	1.57	0.64	1.207	2.06	0.861	1.54	0.62	1.17	1.82	1.61	0.77	1.219	2.06	0.243
	Cr [mg/L]	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.008	0.005844	0.003	0.01	0.01	0.657	0.006953	0.002	0.01	0.01	0.006276	0.003	0.004	0.01	0.133	0.006179	0.002	0.01	0.009	0.006445	0.002	0.005	0.009	0.881
	Mg [mg/L]	22.34	4.00	27.94	27.935	24.76	6.54	22.02	26.75	0.323	26.17	4.46	22.63	28.03	25.35	7.41	21.908	26.75	0.232	25.53	7.89	22.97	27.58	25.36	3.75	21.23	27.60	0.498
Bone concentration	Zn [mg/kg]	164.09	47.8	240.31	240.310	185.77	58.23	137.40	213.68	0.065	203.82	55.85	183.96	236.04	188.51	51.64	136.305	215.67	0.065	210.74	56.97	183.96	236.04	186.04	57.21	136.30	209.29	0.012*
	Cu [mg/kg]	0.96	1.50	1.67	1.665	1.27	0.62	0.98	2.11	0.858	1.22	1.38	0.98	1.71	1.29	0.64	1.024	2.18	0.254	1.19	1.38	0.98	1.60	1.41	0.65	1.04	2.18	0.117
	Fe [mg/kg]	52.56	28.13	167.22	167.220	82.95	33.05	48.12	137.85	0.456	90.09	85.69	56.88	160.88	93.87	77.79	41.480	160.83	0.783	90.19	139.61	53.55	155.84	93.82	218.53	42.70	167.22	0.953
	Cr [mg/kg]	0.43	2.322	0.35	1.35	0.79	2.39	0.34	1.719	0.60	0.72	2.62	0.42	1.26	0.98	2.20	0.367	3.93	0.335	0.72	2.98	0.43	1.50	0.68	2.67	0.33	3.91	0.911
	Mg [mg/kg]	3996.79	1298.067	3070.77	4494.66	3411.04	1472.73	2502.69	4308.31	0.19	4039.33	1616.75	3424.30	4476.95	3461.18	1084.61	2445.68	4314.90	0.050*	4291.38	1572.24	3479.07	4698.45	3406.72	1548.61	2445.68	4032.77	0.003*
	Pb [mg/kg]	2.48	2.265	1.46	3.99	2.12	1.82	1.41	3.03	0.28	2.47	2.32	1.49	3.86	2.26	1.67	1.59	3.77	0.897	3.17	2.23	1.60	4.06	2.13	1.89	1.46	2.85	0.123
	Se [mg/g]	0.08	0.017	0.06	0.09	0.07	0.02	0.06	0.091	0.59	0.09	0.02	0.06	0.11	0.07	0.02	0.06	0.091	0.111	0.09	0.02	0.06	0.09	0.07	0.02	0.06	0.09	0.409

Notes: Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney U-test. *Statistically significant parameter, unit of bone tissue per dry mass.

Abbreviations: Me, median; SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; VAI, visceral adiposity index; LAP, lipid accumulation product; p, statistical significance.

Table 5 Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis with Adjustment for Age (n=151)

Effect		BMI Cut-off Vert				VAI Cut-off Vert				LAP Cut-off Vert
		p	OR	CI −95%	CI 95%	p	OR	CI −95%	CI 95%	p	OR	CI −95%	CI 95%
Serum concentration	Zn	0.879	0.930	0.367	2.359	0.024*	4.774	1.228	18.565	0.051	0.875	0.075	1.005
	Cu	0.635	0.635	0.097	4.155	0.526	2.052	0.223	18.894	0.691	0.643	0.073	5.672
	Fe	0.400	0.777	0.433	1.397	0.906	1.041	0.537	2.018	0.552	1.229	0.623	2.422
	Cr	0.662	0.283	0.753	1.931	0.155	0.648	0.583	1.872	0.760	0.017	0.001	0.956
	Mg	0.392	0.967	0.897	1.044	0.207	1.056	0.970	1.150	0.707	1.013	0.947	1.083
Bone concentration	Zn	0.095	0.993	0.985	1.001	0.108	1.008	0.998	1.017	0.0358*	1.010	1.001	1.020
	Cu	0.276	1.291	0.815	2.044	0.121	0.578	0.289	1.156	0.041*	2.311	1.033	5.168
	Fe	0.223	0.997	0.993	1.002	0.850	1.000	0.996	1.005	0.894	1.000	0.995	1.004
	Cr	0.275	1.065	0.951	1.191	0.106	0.807	0.623	1.046	0.224	1.118	0.934	1.339
	Mg	0.384	1.000	1.052	1.157	0.107	0.963	0.850	1.001	0.031*	1.015	0.997	1.000

Notes: Multivariate logistic regression analysis. *Statistically relevant parameter.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; VAI, visceral adiposity index; LAP, lipid accumulation product; p, static significance; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; p, statistical significance.