Omentin as an Independent Predictor of Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity Among Adolescents in Northeast China

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical Characteristics of the Participants According to Sex

	Male (n = 388)	Female (n = 354)	P value
Age (years)	13.78 ± 1.49	13.84 ± 1.49
WC (cm)	79.43 ± 11.72	74.19 ± 8.88	<0.001**
WHR	0. 83 ± 0.06	0. 79 ± 0.06	<0.001**
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.33 ± 4.58	20.88 ± 3.83	<0.001**
SBP (mmHg)	120.71 ± 14.17	115.03 ± 12.29	<0.001**
DBP (mmHg)	71.66 ± 10.49	74.54 ± 10.42	<0.001**
TC (mmol/L)	4.39 ± 0.78	4.56 ± 0.80	0.004**
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.02 (0.83, 1.25)	1.05 (0.88, 1.255)	0.060
LDL-C (mmol/L)	3.30 (3.25, 3.45)	3.30 (3.25, 3.47)	0.227
TG (mmol/L)	0.93 (0.66, 1.28)	0.96 (0.70, 1.33)	0.483
FPG (mmol/L)	4.80 ± 0.62	4.71 ± 0.477	0.038*
Uric acid (μmol/L)	353.39 ± 91.88	265.23 ± 64.59	<0.001**
FINS (uIU/mL)	18 (12, 25)	19 (14, 24)	0.134
HOMA-IR	3.76 (2.58, 5.32)	3.88 (2.86, 5.27)	0.400
Omentin (ng/L)	88.25 (63.02, 133.61)	99.46 (69.08, 188.35)	0.004**

Notes: Normally distributed continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard error and non-normally distributed variables as the median (interquartile range). Categorical data are shown as number (percentages). Non-normally distributed variables were log-transformed to normality prior to statistical analysis. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FINS, fasting plasma insulin; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist to hip ratio.

Figure 1 Serum omentin levels in male and female participants.

Table 2 Clinical Characteristics of the Participants According to Their Omentin Levels

	Quartiles of Omentin Levels				P	Padj
	Q1 (n=185)	Q2 (n=186)	Q3 (n=186)	Q4 (n=185)
Omentin (ng/L)	52.92 (44.27, 59.66)	79.08 (71.77, 85.77)	112.48 (101.79, 126.42)	326.88 (213.69, 569.08)	<0.001	–
MetS (%)	11.9	8.6	9.1	6.5	0.097	–
Age (years)	13.78 ± 1.52	13.59 ± 1.42	13.83 ± 1.53	14.05 ± 1.46	0.025*	–
Sex (M, %)	110 (59.5)	102 (54.8)	96 (51.9)	80 (43.2)	0.016*	–
WC (cm)	77.92 ± 11.62	76.79 ± 10.43	77.30 ± 10.97	75.68 ± 9.99	0.234	0.314
WHR	0.82 ± 0.07	0.81 ± 0.07	0.82 ± 0.06	0.80 ± 0.06	0.116	0.442
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.40 ± 4.51	21.77 ± 4.04	21.40 ± 4.49	20.99 ± 4.03	0.013*	0.025*
SBP (mmHg)	119.74 ± 13.14	117.89 ± 12.28	117.27 ± 15.02	117.15 ± 13.77	0.232	0.403
DBP (mmHg)	73.16 ± 10.63	72.39 ± 10.10	71.87 ± 10.34	73.69 ± 11.10	0.361	0.373
TC (mmol/L)	4.46 ± 0.74	4.40 ± 0.88	4.50 ± 0.78	4.53 ± 0.16	0.414	0.729
HDL (mmol/L)	1.07 (0.84, 1.26)	1.01 (0.84, 1.24)	1.03 (0.87, 1.25)	1.01 (0.86, 1.25)	0.506	0.401
LDL (mmol/L)	3.30 (3.25, 3.44)	3.34 (3.26, 3.48)	3.30 (3.25, 3.45)	3.30 (3.26, 3.48)	0.137	0.191
TG (mmol/L)	1.03 (0.72, 1.41)	0.95 (0.67, 1.33)	0.93 (0.68, 1.30)	0.88 (0.66, 1.27)	0.291	0.344
FPG (mmol/L)	4.76 ± 0.50	4.77 ± 0.60	4.79 ± 0.62	4.70 ± 0.50	0.452	0.667
Uric acid (μmol/L)	324.64 ± 95.33	314.64 ± 88.16	298.58 ± 85.39	308.28 ± 94.85	0.046*	0.073
FINS (uIU/mL)	18.0 (13.50, 25.00)	18.0 (14.00, 24.60)	18.75 (13.75, 26.00)	18.00 (12.00, 24.00)	0.608	0.590
HOMA-IR	3.85 (2.73, 5.22)	3.78 (2.89, 5.28)	3.91 (2.85, 5.56)	3.73 (2.61, 5.16)	0.370	0.415

Notes: Normally distributed continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard error and non-normally distributed variables as the median (interquartile range). Categorical data are shown as number (percentages). Non-normally distributed variables were log-transformed to normality prior to statistical analysis. Q1, quartile 1; Q2, quartile 2; Q3, quartile 3; Q4, quartile 4. P indicates significance, *P < 0.05, P adj indicates the P value after adjusting for sex and age.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FINS, fasting plasma insulin; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MetS, Metabolic syndrome; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist to hip ratio.

Table 3 Partial Correlation Between Omentin Level and MetS Risk Factors

Variable	r	P
WC (cm)	˗0.099	0.008**
WHR	˗0.067	0.071
BMI (kg/m^2)	˗0.115	0.002**
SBP (mmHg)	˗0.040	0.284
DBP (mmHg)	˗0.003	0.926
TC (mmol/L)	0.032	0.394
HDL (mmol/L)	˗0.036	0.331
LDL (mmol/L)	˗0.021	0.567
TG (mmol/L)	˗0.015	0.687
FPG (mmol/L)	˗0.018	0.622
Uric acid (μmol/L)	0.019	0.619
FINS (uIU/mL)	˗0.019	0.610
HOMA-IR	˗0.022	0.563

Notes: r is the partial correlation coefficient after adjusting for sex and age. **P < 0.01.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FINS, fasting plasma insulin; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MetS, Metabolic syndrome; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist to hip ratio.

Table 4 Association of Omentin Level with MetS and MetS Components

	OR	95% CI for OR
Association of omentin with MetS
Model 1	0.603	(0.411, 0.884)**
Model 2	0.638	(0.432, 0.942)*
Model 3	0.639	(0.432, 0.945)*
Association of omentin with MetS components
Central obesity
Model 1	0.749	(0.587, 0.958)*
Model 2	0.772	(0.603, 0.989)*
Model 3	0.775	(0.605, 0.993)*
Hyperglycemia
Model 1	0.827	(0.553, 1.237)
Model 2	0.855	(0.570, 1.283)
Model 3	0.929	(0.607, 1.420)
High triglycerides
Model 1	0.727	(0.516, 1.025)
Model 2	0.743	(0.526, 1.049)
Model 3	0.795	(0.551, 1.148)
Low HDL-C
Model 1	1.182	(0.979, 1.428)
Model 2	1.193	(0.987, 1.443)
Model 3	1.129	(0.924, 1.381)
Hypertension
Model 1	0.888	(0.714, 1.106)
Model 2	0.923	(0.739, 1.151)
Model 3	0.897	(0.718, 1.120)

Notes: Model 1, no adjustment for confounding factors. Model 2, adjustment for sex. Model 3, adjustment for sex and age. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.

Abbreviations: HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MetS, Metabolic syndrome.

Table 5 Association of Omentin Level with BMI

Binary Logistic Regression
	OR	95% C.I. for OR
Correlation between omentin and BMI (overweight/obese)
Model 1	0.664	(0.536, 0.822)**
Model 2	0.690	(0.556, 0.857)**
Model 3	0.700	(0.563, 0.870)**
Linear Regression Analysis
	B	95% C.I. for B
Correlation between omentin and BMI
Model 1	˗0.659	(˗1.058, ˗0.259)**
Model 2	˗0.566	(˗0.963, ˗0.169)**
Model 3	˗0.625	(˗1.021, ˗0.230)**

Notes: Model 1, no adjustment for confounding factors. Model 2, adjustment for sex. Model 3, adjustment for sex and age. **P < 0.01.

Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.