Triglyceride Glucose Index is Related with the Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of T2D-NCF Group and T2D-MCI Group

Variables	Total (n=517)	T2D-NCF group(n=257)	T2D-MCI group(n=260)	P-Value
Age (y)	58(52,64)	56(50,62.5)	59(53,65)	<0.01
Male (%)	281(54.4%)	131(51.0%)	150(57.7%)	0.125
SBP (mmHg)	139(126.5,153)	139(125,153)	140.5(127,154)	0.392
DBP (mmHg)	81(74,90)	81(73,89.5)	82 (75,90)	0.385
Duration of diabetes (y)	8(3,15)	8(3,14)	8(3,15.75)	0.558
Smoking (%)	130(25.1%)	62(24.1%)	68(26.2%)	0.595
Drinking (%)	136(26.3%)	69(26.8%)	67(25.8%)	0.781
BMI (kg/m^2)	25.30(23.34,27.16)	25.16(23.05,27.07)	25.37(23.51,27.23)	0.242
Education level (y)	12(9,14.5)	12(9,15)	9(9,12)	<0.01
TG (mmol/L)	1.72(1.24,2.46)	1.37(1.02,1.87)	2.17(1.52,3.06)	<0.01
FBG (mmol/L)	8.19(6.52,10.20)	7.15(5.83,8.96)	9.25(7.46,11.41)	<0.01
HbA1c (%)	8.4(7.0,9.9)	7.8(6.7,9.4)	8.8(7.3,10.4)	<0.01
TyG Index	9.38(8.90,9.84)	9.05(8.62,9.39)	9.69(9.35,10.10)	<0.01
TyG-BMI	237.77(212.40,259.98)	227.58(204.24,248.84)	246.29(221.96,269.82)	<0.01
TC (mmol/L)	4.69(4.05,5.62)	4.51(3.84,5.31)	4.85(4.22,5.88)	<0.01
HDL-c (mmol/L)	1.12(0.96,1.30)	1.14(0.97,1.34)	1.11(0.95,1.26)	0.124
LDL-c (mmol/L)	2.80(2.39,3.37)	2.71(2.27,3.26)	2.92(2.47,3.51)	0.004
BUN (mmol/L)	5.77(4.84,7.05)	5.65(4.81,6.93)	5.88(4.97,7.08)	0.238
Cr (umol/L)	60.70(50.65,69.5)	60.80(49.2,69.05)	60.55(51.2,70.05)	0.403
UA (umol/L)	325.50(270.10,390.15)	321.10(266.35,379.15)	329.65(274.55,400.18)	0.175
MMSE score	27(26,28)	28(27,29)	26(25,26)	<0.01
MoCA score	25(24,27)	27(26,28)	24(22,25)	<0.01
DN (%)	49(9.5%)	16(6.2%)	33(12.7%)	0.012
DR (%)	135(26.1%)	61(23.7%)	74(28.5%)	0.221
DPN (%)	203(39.3%)	104(40.5%)	99(38.1%)	0.578
Lower limb atherosclerosis (%)	397(76.8%)	190(73.9%)	207(79.6%)	0.126
Carotid atherosclerosis (%)	374(72.3%)	181(70.4%)	193(74.2%)	0.334
Fatty liver (%)	336(65.0%)	150(58.4%)	186(71.5%)	<0.01
Insulin use (%)	315(60.9%)	155(60.3%)	160(61.5%)	0.775
Statins use (%)	152(29.4%)	58(22.6%)	94(36.2%)	<0.01
DPP-4 inhibitor use (%)	115(22.2%)	63(24.5%)	52(20.0%)	0.217

Notes: Continuous variables conforming to the normal distribution were presented as mean ± standard deviation and compared by the two-independent samples t-test. Continuous variables according to the non-normal distribution were expressed as medians (25th–75th percentiles) and compared by Mann–Whitney U-test. Categorical variables were expressed as percentages and compared by Chi-square test. The significance level was set at p<0.05.

Abbreviations: NCF, normal cognitive function; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; T2D, type 2 diabetes; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TG, triglyceride; FBG, fasting plasma glucose; TyG, triglyceride glycemic; TyG-BMI, triglyceride glycemic-body mass index; HbA1c, hemoglobinA1c; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; VLDL-c, very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; UA, uric acid; Cr, creatinine; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MMSE, Mini-mental State Examination; DN, diabetic nephropathy; DR, diabetic retinopathy; DPN, diabetic peripheral neuropathy; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4.

Figure 1 Flow chart showing the patients included in the study.

Abbreviations: T2D, type 2 diabetes; NCF, normal cognitive function; MCI, mild cognitive impairment.

Table 2 Associations Between TyG Index and MCI

	OR	95%CI	P
Model 1
TyG index	6.11	4.23-8.83	<0.01
Model 2
TyG index	7.70	5.18-11.45	<0.01
Model 3
TyG index	7.37	4.72-11.50	<0.01
Age	1.07	1.04-1.10	<0.01
Education level	0.87	0.81-0.93	<0.01

Notes: Model 1: Crude model; Model 2: Adjust for age, and gender; Model 3: Model 2+ Smoking, drinking history, duration of diabetes, education level, total cholesterol, HbA1c, diabetic nephropathy, fatty liver, insulin use, statins use.

Table 3 Associations Between TyG-BMI and MCI

	OR	95%CI	P
Model 1
TyG-BMI	1.02	1.01-1.02	<0.01
Model 2
TyG-BMI	1.02	1.01-1.03	<0.01
Model 3
TyG-BMI	1.02	1.01-1.02	<0.01
Age	1.05	1.02-1.08	<0.01
Education level	0.89	0.84-0.95	<0.01

Notes: Model 1: Crude model; Model 2: Adjust for age, and gender; Model 3: Model 2+ Smoking, drinking history, duration of diabetes, education level, total cholesterol, HbA1c, diabetic nephropathy, fatty liver, insulin use, statins use.

Figure 2 The ROC curve of the TyG index, TyG-BMI, TG, and HbA1c for diagnosing.

Abbreviations: TyG, triglyceride glycemic; TyG-BMI, triglyceride glycemic-body mass index; TG, triglyceride; HbA1c, hemoglobinA1c.

Figure 3 Nomogram showed the risk of MCI.

Abbreviation: TyG, triglyceride glycemic.

Figure 4 The calibration curve of the nomogram model.