Precision Medicine in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Utility and Limitations

Figures & data

Table 1 Main Genetic Variants Influencing Glycaemic Response

Treatment	Genetic Variants	Polymorphisms	Therapeutic Effect	Population	Reference
Metformin	SLC22A1	rs622342	Increased	South Indian	[1]
		rs594709	Increased	Chinese	[2]
	SLC22A2	rs201919874	Increased	Pakistani	[3]
		rs316019	Increased	South Indian	[4]
			No effect	Mexican and Caucasian	[5]
		rs10755577	No effect	Jordanian	[6]
	SLC47A1	rs2289669	Increased	Chinese	[7]
	SLC47A2	rs12943590	Reduced	USA	[8]
Sulfonylurea	ABCC8	S1369A	Increased	Cells	[9]
	CYP2C9	rs1057910	Increased	Danish	[10]
		rs1799853	Increased	Danish	[10]
	TCF7L2	rs12255372	Reduced	Scottish	[11]
Thiazolidinedione	SLCO1B1	rs4149056	Increased	Scottish	[12]
	CYP2C8	rs10509681	Reduced	Scottish	[12]
	PPARγ	rs1801282	Increased	Han Chinese	[13]
	PTPRD	rs17584499	Increased	Han Chinese	[13]
DPP-4	CTRB1/2	rs7202877	Reduced	Caucasian Netherlands and Germans	[14]
	TCF7L2	rs7903146	Reduced	Mixed	[15]
GLP-1 RA	CNR1 A	rs1049353	Increased	Spanish	[16]
	TCF7L2	rs7903146	Increased	Brazilian	[17]
	SORCS1	rs1416406	Increased	Chinese	[18]
SGLT2i	SLC5A2	rs9934336	No effect	German	[19]
		rs9924771	No effect	German	[19]
		rs3813008	No effect	German	[19]
		rs3116150	No effect	German	[19]
	UGT1A9*3 allele		No effect	Mixed	[20]
	UGT2B4*2 allele		No effect	Mixed	[20]

Figure 1 An example of main genomic, lifestyle and environmental factors linked to type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Figure 2 Potential applications of Precision Medicine.

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