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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Association Between Coronary Artery Calcium Score and Bone Mineral Density in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Different Visceral Fat Area

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Pages 3949-3960 | Received 04 Oct 2022, Accepted 26 Nov 2022, Published online: 16 Dec 2022

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow diagram of the enrollment of study subjects.

Abbreviations: BMD, bone mineral density; VFA, visceral fat area.
Figure 1 Flow diagram of the enrollment of study subjects.

Figure 2 Identification of coronary artery calcifications (red arrows) in patients with type 2 diabetes. The coronary calcium score of left was 64 (with non-visceral obesity) while the right was 302 (with visceral obesity).

Figure 2 Identification of coronary artery calcifications (red arrows) in patients with type 2 diabetes. The coronary calcium score of left was 64 (with non-visceral obesity) while the right was 302 (with visceral obesity).

Table 1 Clinical and Biochemical Features

Figure 3 Coronary artery calcium score distribution difference between VFA<100cm2 and VFA≥100cm2.

Figure 3 Coronary artery calcium score distribution difference between VFA<100cm2 and VFA≥100cm2.

Figure 4 Bone mineral density distribution difference between VFA<100cm2 and VFA≥100cm2 in 3 locations.

Figure 4 Bone mineral density distribution difference between VFA<100cm2 and VFA≥100cm2 in 3 locations.

Table 2 Comparation of CACs in T2DM Patients of Normal, Osteopenia and Osteoporosis

Figure 5 Coronary artery calcium score distribution difference among normal, osteopenia and osteoporosis in visceral fat area <100cm2 and visceral fat area ≥100cm2 group.

Figure 5 Coronary artery calcium score distribution difference among normal, osteopenia and osteoporosis in visceral fat area <100cm2 and visceral fat area ≥100cm2 group.

Table 3 Correlation Between CACs (Log x) and BMD by Adjusted Regression

Figure 6 Standardized regression coefficients are shown for correlation between CACs and BMD by adjusted regression analyses in all patients, visceral fat area <100cm2 and visceral fat area ≥100cm2.

Notes: Model 0: Unadjusted; Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex, diabetes duration; Model 2: Adjusted for the covariates in Model 1+BMI, SBP, DBP, HbA1c, VFA; Model 3: Adjusted for the covariates in Model 2+HDL, LDL, TG, TC, Ca, ALP, 25(OH)D.
Figure 6 Standardized regression coefficients are shown for correlation between CACs and BMD by adjusted regression analyses in all patients, visceral fat area <100cm2 and visceral fat area ≥100cm2.

Figure 7 ROC curve analysis of CACs screening osteoporosis.

Figure 7 ROC curve analysis of CACs screening osteoporosis.