Association of Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Liver Function Parameters Among Healthy Obese Civil Servants: A Center-Based Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical Baseline Characteristics of All Included Populations

	Low TyG Index (n=784)
Gender (male)	633 (80.74%)
Age (years)	49.01±13.08
BMI (kg/m^2)	30.07±2.09
Hip circumference (cm)	105.5±5.92
Waist Circumference (cm)	97.94±7.64
Smoking	217 (27.68%)
Drinking	330 (42.09%)
SBP (mmHg)	126.5±15.67
DBP (mmHg)	82.63±11.05
FBG (mmol/L)	5.88±1.25
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.19±0.23
LDL-C (mmol/L)	3.23±0.68
TG (mmol/L)	1.57 (1.12, 2.28)
TC (mmol/L)	5.03±0.96
Total Protein (g/L)	72.41±3.62
Albumin (g/L)	44.55±2.45
Globulin (g/L)	27.86±3.3
ALT (U/L)	22.7 (16.4, 32.3)
AST (U/L)	22.5 (19, 26.9)
AST/ALT	1.03±0.34
Total bilirubin (g/L)	16.11±6
Direct bilirubin (g/L)	2.32±0.88
Indirect bilirubin (g/L)	13.79±5.27
TyG index	8.63±0.28

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; TyG index, triglyceride-glucose index.

Figure 1 Flow chart of the included subjects.

Table 2 Comparison of Indicators Between the Low-TyG and High-TyG Groups

	Low TyG Index (n=387)	High TyG Index (n=387)	P value
Gender (male)	293 (75.71%)	333 (86.05%)	<0.001*
Age	49.16±13.85	48.8±12.24	0.702
BMI	29.95±2.1	30.15±2.08	0.174
Hip circumference	104.7±6.04	105.4±5.77	0.096
Waist Circumference	96.7±7.82	99.15±7.31	<0.001*
Smoking	320 (82.69%)	125 (32.3%)	<0.001*
Drinking	157 (40.57%)	169 (43.67%)	0.423
SBP	125.7±16.37	127.3±14.89	0.161
DBP	81.97±11.36	83.28±10.76	0.1
FBG	5.55±0.61	6.2±1.6	<0.001*
HDL-C	1.24±0.23	1.14±0.22	<0.001*
LDL-C	3.06±0.65	3.39±0.66	<0.001*
TG	1.12 (0.89, 1.38)	2.28 (1.84, 2.95)	<0.001*
TC	4.74±0.85	5.3±0.97	<0.001*
Total Protein	71.86±3.47	73.02±3.69	<0.001*
Albumin	44.13±2.37	45.02±2.43	<0.001*
Globulin	27.73±3.27	28±3.34	0.253
ALT	20.1 (15, 28.9)	25.1 (18.2, 36.3)	<0.001*
AST	21.6 (18.3, 25.4)	23.1 (19.5, 28.4)	<0.001*
AST/ALT	1.08±0.34	0.97±0.33	<0.001*
Total bilirubin	16.02±5.77	16.21±6.26	0.672
Direct bilirubin	2.44±0.89	2.2±0.86	<0.001*
Indirect bilirubin	13.58±4.99	14±5.56	0.271
TyG index	8.47±0.3	9.4±0.51	<0.001*

Note: *P<0.05.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; TyG index, triglyceride-glucose index.

Figure 2 Comparison of liver function parameters between the low TyG index and high TyG index groups. (A) Total Protein. (B) Albumin. (C) Direct bilirubin. (D) Alanine aminotransferase (ALT). (E) Aspartate aminotransferase (AST). (F) AST/ALT. ***P<0.001.

Table 3 Comparison of Indicators Between the Male and Female Groups

	Male (n=626)	Femal (n=148)	P value
Age	48.95±12.99	49.1±13.38	0.896
BMI	30.02±2.06	30.17±2.19	0.426
Hip circumference	105.1±5.9	104.5±5.98	0.253
Waist Circumference	99.55±6.89	91.18±7.03	<0.001*
Smoking	213 (34.03%)	0 (0%)	<0.001*
Drinking	320 (51.12%)	6 (4.05%)	<0.001*
SBP	127.6±15.52	122±15.47	<0.001*
DBP	82.85±11.29	81.68±10.11	0.249
FBG	5.9±1.23	5.77±1.32	0.238
HDL-C	1.16±0.21	1.32±0.25	<0.001*
LDL-C	3.23±0.69	3.2±0.61	0.559
TG	1.625 (1.15, 2.33)	1.37 (0.92, 1.94)	0.083
TC	5.01±0.97	5.06±0.89	0.557
Total Protein	72.38±3.64	72.69±3.55	0.345
Albumin	44.39±2.39	43.06±2.03	<0.001*
Globulin	27.45±3.16	29.64±3.33	<0.001*
ALT	23.4 (17.38, 3.88)	17.65 (13.53, 25.75)	<0.001*
AST	22.9 (19.5, 27.43)	19.6 (16.63, 24.83)	0.002*
AST/ALT	1±0.34	1.12±0.34	<0.001*
Total bilirubin	16.87±6.16	12.93±4.08	<0.001*
Direct bilirubin	2.44±0.9	1.85±0.62	<0.001*
Indirect bilirubin	14.43±5.42	11.09±3.61	<0.001*
TyG index	8.98±0.61	8.76±0.65	<0.001*

Note: *P<0.05.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; TyG index, triglyceride-glucose index.

Table 4 Correlation Between TyG Index and Liver Function Parameters

		TyG Index
Total Protein	r value	0.114 (0.044, 0.183)
	p value	0.002*
Albumin	r value	0.1577 (0.088, 0.226)
	p value	<0.001*
Globulin	r value	0.009 (−0.062, 0.079)
	p value	0.808
ALT	r value	0.216 (0.148, 0.286)
	p value	<0.001*
AST	r value	0.23 (0.162, 0.295)
	p value	<0.001*
AST/ALT	r value	−0.134 (−0.203, −0.064)
	p value	<0.001*
Total bilirubin	r value	−0.065 (−0.135, −0.005)
	p value	0.07
Direct bilirubin	r value	−0.179 (−0.246, −0.11)
	p value	<0.001*
Indirect bilirubin	r value	−0.044 (−0.115, 0.026)
	p value	0.217

Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; TyG index, triglyceride-glucose index. *P<0.05.

Figure 3 Correlation between TyG index and liver function parameters. (A) Alanine aminotransferase (ALT). (B) Aspartate aminotransferase (AST). (C) AST/ALT. (D) Total Protein. (E) Albumin. (F) Direct bilirubin.

Table 5 Correlation Between TyG Index and Liver Function Parameters in Different Genders

Male		TyG Index
Total Protein	r value	0.12 (0.042, 0.196)
	p value	0.003*
Albumin	r value	0.115 (0.037, 0.192)
	p value	0.004*
Globulin	r value	0.051 (−0.027, 0.129)
	p value	0.2
ALT	r value	0.249 (0.175, 0.322)
	p value	<0.001*
AST	r value	0.26 (0.186, 0.332)
	p value	<0.001*
AST/ALT	r value	−0.155 (−0.231, −0.078)
	p value	<0.001*
Total bilirubin	r value	−0.112 (−0.188, −0.033)
	p value	0.006*
Direct bilirubin	r value	−0.258 (−0.33, −0.184)
	p value	<0.001*
Indirect bilirubin	r value	−0.083 (−0.161, 0.005)
	p value	0.038*
Female		TyG index
Total Protein	r value	0.12 (−0.042, 0.276)
	p value	0.146
Albumin	r value	0.165 (0.004, 0.318)
	p value	0.045*
Globulin	r value	0.027 (−0.135, 0.188)
	p value	0.743
ALT	r value	−0.031 (−0.191, 0.131)
	p value	0.712
AST	r value	0.042 (−0.121, 0.202)
	p value	0.617
AST/ALT	r value	0.037 (−0.125, 0.197)
	p value	0.655
Total bilirubin	r value	−0.078 (−0.237, 0.084)
	p value	0.345
Direct bilirubin	r value	−0.044 (−0.204, 0.118)
	p value	0.591
Indirect bilirubin	r value	−0.081 (−0.239, 0.082)
	p value	0.328

Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; TyG index, triglyceride-glucose index. *P<0.05.

Figure 4 Correlation between TyG index and liver function parameters in different genders. (A) Alanine aminotransferase (ALT). (B) Aspartate aminotransferase (AST). (C) AST/ALT. (D) Total bilirubin. (E) Direct bilirubin. (F) Indirect bilirubin. (G) Total Protein. (H) Albumin. (I) Albumin. A-H indicates the correlation between TyG index and liver function parameters in males, while I indicates females.

Table 6 Multivariate Linear Correlation Analysis of TyG Index and Liver Function Parameters in Obese Population

	ALT		AST		AST/ALT
	B (95% CI)	P	B (95% CI)	P	B (95% CI)	P
All patients
Model 1	0.007 (0.005, 0.01)	<0.001*	0.014 (0.01, 0.018)	<0.001*	−0.246 (−0.374, −0.117)	<0.001*
Model 2	0.006 (0.004, 0.009)	<0.001*	0.012 (0.008, 0.016)	<0.001*	−0.211 (−0.343, −0.079)	0.002*
Male
Model 1	0.008 (0.006, 0.011)	<0.001*	0.015 (0.011, 0.02)	<0.001*	−0.281 (−0.422, −0.141)	<0.001*
Model 2	0.008 (0.005, 0.011)	<0.001*	0.015 (0.01, 0.019)	<0.001*	−0.268 (−0.416, −0.121)	<0.001*
Female
Model 1	−0.001 (−0.008, 0.006)	0.712	0.003 (−0.008, 0.013)	0.616	0.071 (−0.243, 0.386)	0.655
Model 2	−0.002 (−0.009, 0.004)	0.46	0.001 (−0.01, 0.01)	0.945	0.116 (−0.188, 0.42)	0.453
	Total bilirubin		Direct bilirubin		Indirect bilirubin
	B (95% CI)	P	B (95% CI)	P	B (95% CI)	P
All patients
Model 1	−0.007 (−0.014, 0.001)	0.07	−0.127 (−0.176, −0.077)	<0.001*	−0.005 (−0.014, 0.003)	0.217
Model 2	−0.011 (−0.019, −0.004)	0.004*	−0.016 (−0.209, −0.11)	<0.001*	−0.01 (−0.018, −0.001)	0.025*
Male
Model 1	−0.011 (−0.019, −0.003)	0.005*	−0.176 (−0.228, −0.124)	<0.001*	−0.009 (−0.018, −0.001)	0.037*
Model 2	−0.013 (−0.021, −0.005)	0.002*	−0.184 (−0.236, −0.131)	<0.001*	−0.011 (−0.02, −0.002)	0.018*
Female
Model 1	−0.012 (−0.038, 0.013)	0.345	−0.047 (−0.218, 0.125)	0.591	−0.015 (−0.044, 0.015)	0.328
Model 2	−0.008 (−0.032, 0.017)	0.534	−0.046 (−0.208, 0.116)	0.575	−0.009 (−0.036, 0.019)	0.543
	Total Protein		Albumin		Globulin
	B (95% CI)	P	B (95% CI)	P	B (95% CI)	P
All patients
Model 1	0.02 (0.008, 0.032)	0.001*	0.041 (0.023, 0.058)	<0.001*	0.002 (−0.012, 0.015)	0.808
Model 2	0.017 (0.005, 0.03)	0.005*	0.034 (0.016, 0.052)	<0.001*	0.002 (−0.011, 0.016)	0.743
Male
Model 1	0.02 (0.007, 0.033)	0.003*	0.03 (0.009, 0.05)	0.004*	0.01 (−0.005, 0.025)	0.2
Model 2	0.018 (0.004, 0.031)	0.01*	0.03 (0.01, 0.05)	0.004*	0.006 (−0.01, 0.022)	0.443
Female
Model 1	0.022 (−0.008, 0.052)	0.146	0.053 (0.001, 0.104)	0.045*	0.005 (−0.027, 0.037)	0.743
Model 2	0.011 (−0.018, 0.039)	0.452	0.043 (−0.007, 0.092)	0.09	−0.004 (−0.034, 0.027)	0.82

Notes: Model 1: unadjusted; Model 2: adjusted for Body mass index, Hip circumference, Waist Circumference, Systolic blood pressure, and Diastolic blood pressure. *P<0.05.

Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; TyG index, triglyceride-glucose index.