Association of Different Obesity Phenotypes with Sarcopenia in Han Chinese Middle-Aged and Elderly with Type 2 Diabetes Individuals

Figures & data

Table 1 Participants’ Characteristics in Different Groups

Variable	Group A (n=67)	Group B (n=60)	Group C (n=33)	Group D (n=225)	F/X^2	P
Age stratification (years) (%)	--	--	--	--	6.968	0.324
50–59	24 (35.8%)	14 (23.3%)	8 (24.2%)	76 (33.8%)
60–69	22 (32.8%)	20 (33.3%)	16 (48.5%)	72 (32.0%)
≥70	21 (31.3%)	26 (43.3%)	9 (27.3%)	77 (34.2%)
Gender n (%)	--	--	--	--	2.255	0.521
Male	29 (43.3%)	21 (35.0%)	14 (42.4%)	103 (45.8%)
Female	38 (56.7%)	39 (65.0%)	19 (57.6%)	122 (54.2%)
BMI (kg/m^2)	21.64±1.78	22.61±1.40^▲	25.29±1.07^▲◆	27.33±2.56^▲◆^★	156.184	0.000
WC (cm)	79.44±5.49	91.41±6.32^▲	83.80±3.04^▲◆	96.71±7.26^▲◆^★	137.33	0.000
FPG (mmol/l)	7.93±3.40	8.47±3.69	7.82±2.29	8.77±3.43	1.552	0.201
PPG-2h (mmol/l)	12.59±4.85	12.55±4.34	12.88±4.46	13.22±4.33	0.535	0.658
HbA1c (%)	8.72±2.52	9.12±2.55	8.56±1.87	8.67±1.78	0.830	0.478
ALB (g/l)	43.12±4.37	43.04±5.24	44.55±3.89	43.22±4.09	1.062	0.365
TG (mmol/L)	1.48±0.82	1.73±0.98	2.08±1.41^▲	2.20±1.56^▲◆	5.586	0.001
TC (mmol/L)	5.03±1.61	5.10±1.42	5.48±1.67	5.24±1.41	0.858	0.463
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.13±0.29	1.06±0.25	1.02±0.26^▲	1.02±0.23^▲	3.464	0.016
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.52±0.68	2.81±0.94	3.11±1.21^▲	2.85±0.94^▲	3.483	0.016
UA (umol/L)	261.58±74.55	314.93±96.42^▲	329.45±82.96^▲	341.37±91.16^▲◆	14.131	0.000
ASMI (kg/m^2)	5.57±0.81	5.45±0.76	5.98±0.79^▲◆	6.06±0.84^▲◆	12.428	0.000
FMI (kg/m^2)	10.11±2.09	11.61±1.87^▲	12.62±1.82^▲	14.72±2.69^▲◆^★	75.522	0.000
SBP (mmHg)	135.41±21.79	142.33±19.65^▲	138.06±14.94	145.70±19.65^▲★	5.374	0.001
DBP (mmHg)	80.83±10.84	82.32±9.73	80.73±8.82	84.83±11.71^▲★	3.270	0.021
Grip strength (kg)	25.86±8.15	25.17±8.27	26.62±8.60	27.94±9.63^◆	1.980	0.116
Gait speed (m/s)	1.08±0.21	0.96±0.24^▲	1.02±0.17	1.00±0.22^▲	3.611	0.013

Notes: Values are expressed as means ± SD, count data expressed as percentage. Group A consisted of 67 BMI and WC were normal; group B consisted of 60 BMI was normal and high WC; group C consisted of 33 high BMI and WC was normal; group D consisted of 225 BMI and WC were abnormal. ▲compared with group A; ◆compared with group B; ★compared with group C.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; PPG-2 h, postprandial plasma glucose 2 h; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; ALB, albumin; TG, triglycerides; TC, cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; UA, Uric acid; ASMI, skeletal muscle mass index; FMI, fat mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.

Table 2 The Detection Rate of Sarcopenia and Its Components per Group

Variable	Group A (n=67)	Group B (n=60)	Group C (n=33)	Group D (n=225)	X^2	P
Sarcopenia n (%)	28 (41.8%)	22 (36.7%)	9 (27.3%)	65 (28.9%)	4.868	0.182
Low ASMI n (%)	50 (74.6%)	41 (68.3%)	18 (54.5%)	116 (51.6%)	14.243	0.003
Low gait speed n (%)	27 (40.3%)	28 (46.7%)	14 (42.4%)	109 (48.4%) p	1.589	0.662
Low grip strength n (%)	17 (25.4%)	12 (20.0%)	8 (24.2%)	52 (23.1%)	0.543	0.909

Notes: Group A consisted of 67 BMI and WC were normal; group B consisted of 60 BMI was normal and high WC; group C consisted of 33 high BMI and WC was normal; group D consisted of 225 BMI and WC were abnormal.

Abbreviation: ASMI, skeletal muscle mass index.

Table 3 Logistic Regression Analysis for Low ASMI

	B	OR	95% CI	P
Male=1	1.424	4.153	2.623–6.576	0.000
Group A	--	--	Ref	0.001
Group B	−0.223	0.800	0.358–1.788	0.587
Group C	−0.977	0.376	0.149–0.950	0.039
Group D	−1.163	0.312	0.165–0.593	0.000

Notes: Group A consisted of 67 BMI and WC were normal; group B consisted of 60 BMI was normal and high WC; group C consisted of 33 high BMI and WC was normal; group D consisted of 225 BMI and WC were abnormal. Ref: reference. Y: ASMI (normal ASMI=0, lower ASMI=1); X: gender (female =0, male =1), age stratification, HbA1c, duration of T2DM, and different obesity phenotypes (groups A to D).

Abbreviation: ASMI, skeletal muscle mass index.

Table 4 Logistic Regression Analysis for Low ASMI in Overweight and Obese People

	B	OR	95% CI	P
WC (cm)	0.052	1.053	1.004–1.104	0.033
BMI (kg/m^2)	−0.386	0.680	0.574–0.804	0.000
Male=1	1.402	4.065	2.246–7.356	0.000

Notes: Y: ASMI (normal ASMI=0, lower ASMI=1); X: gender (female =0, male =1), BMI, and WC. WC was an indicator of abdominal obesity. BMI was an indicator of overweight + obesity.

Abbreviations: ASMI, skeletal muscle mass index; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference.