Health Provider’s Feedback on Physical Activity Surveillance Using Wearable Device-Smartphone Application for Adults with Metabolic Syndrome; a 12-Week Randomized Control Study

Figures & data

Figure 1 CONSORT flow diagram.

Notes: Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D, CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. PLoS Med. 2010;7(3): e1000251. Creative Commons Attribution License.¹³

Table 1 Demographics of the Study Population at Baseline

	Intervention Group (n=35)	Control Group (n=32)	P
Male, n (%)	10 (28.6)	6 (18.8)	0.346
Age (years)	61 ± 9	56 ± 12	0.057
Height (cm)	160.07 ± 7.72	162.78 ± 8.38	0.173
Weight (kg)	69.76 ± 9.78	73.28 ± 12.49	0.202
BMI (kg/m^2)	27.27 ± 3.11	27.70 ± 6.42	0.609
Smoking, n (%)	4 (88.6)	4 (87.5)	1.000
Alcohol drinking, n (%)	20 (57.1)	13 (40.6)	0.177

Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.

Table 2 Participants’ Physical Activity Data Collected Through Wearable Devices

	Intervention Group (n=35)	Control Group (n=32)	P
Physical Activity
Steps (step/day)	10,129.31 ± 4224.11	8876.26 ± 4404.11	0.235
Calories burned (kcal/daily)	323.96 ± 146.48	265.53 ± 131.39	0.089
MVPA (time/week)	73.21 ± 31.32	60.40 ± 29.65	0.088

Abbreviation: MVPA, moderate-to vigorous intensity physical activity.

Table 3 Comparison of Body Composition Between Baseline and Post Intervention in the Telephone Counseling Interventions and the Control Groups

	Baseline	Follow-Up	P	Group x Time Interaction
Body composition
Weight (kg)
Intervention	69.76 ± 9.78	69.46 ± 9.31	0.214	0.312
Control	73.28 ± 12.49	73.40 ± 12.64	0.733
Skeletal muscle mass (kg)
Intervention	24.34 ± 4.64	25.69 ± 11.86	0.389	0.984
Control	25.45 ± 4.97	26.75 ± 9.98	0.430
Body fat mass (kg)
Intervention	25.21 ± 6.32	25.50 ± 6.42	0.385	0.865
Control	27.03 ± 9.30	27.21 ± 8.20	0.768
Percent body fat (%)
Intervention	35.95 ± 6.80	36.10 ± 6.96	0.647	0.856
Control	36.20 ± 9.31	36.53 ± 8.12	0.727
BMI (kg/m2)
Intervention	27.27 ± 3.11	27.13 ± 2.99	0.150	0.567
Control	27.70 ± 3.76	27.65 ± 3.70	0.708

Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.

Table 4 The Comparison of Metabolic Composition Between Baseline and Post Intervention in the Telephone Counseling Interventions and the Control Groups

	Baseline	Follow-Up	P	Group x Time Interaction
Metabolic composition (number)
Intervention	4 ± 1	3 ± 1	<0.001*	0.901
Control	3 ± 1	3 ± 1	0.058
Waist circumference (cm)
Intervention	89.69 ± 5.83	89.03 ± 5.77	0.031*	0.154
Control	91.97 ± 9.45	91.94 ± 9.91	0.923
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Intervention	132.03 ± 18.55	125.06 ± 13.13	0.028*	0.966
Control	133.69 ± 13.04	126.53 ± 12.04	0.026*
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Intervention	81.37 ± 10.92	77.20 ± 9.28	0.023*	0.410
Control	83.31 ± 10.27	76.88 ± 13.58	0.005*
Glucose (mg/dL)
Intervention	108.57 ± 27.13	102.06 ± 32.72	0.334	0.674
Control	109.66 ± 28.39	107.19 ± 36.50	0.723
Triglyceride (mg/dL)
Intervention	108.57 ± 27.13	140.26 ± 69.15	0.025*	0.535
Control	109.66 ± 28.39	149.06 ± 107.56	0.046*
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)
Intervention	114.82 ± 39.61	119.06 ± 44.69	0.393	0.414
Control	119.04 ± 31.40	128.69 ± 33.83	0.033*
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)
Intervention	55.43 ± 14.37	59.23 ± 17.76	0.046*	0.311
Control	55.50 ± 15.83	56.84 ± 14.32	0.381

Note: *p<0.05.

Abbreviations: LDL-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Figure 2 Comparison of the number of five factors of metabolic syndrome before and after intervention in participants. The intervention group showed a change in metabolic syndrome risk factors averaging from four to three. *p<0.05.

Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D, CONSORT Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. PLoS Med. 2010;7(3):e1000251.

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