Association Between Hemoglobin Glycation Index and Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged and Older People

Figures & data

Figure 1 Regression of HbA1c VS FPG.

Note: The dotted line represents the simple linear regression line of the equation: predicted HbA1c = 2.941 + 0.392 x FPG (mmol/L), R² = 0.670 (P<0.001).

Abbreviations: HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; FPG, fasting plasma glucose.

Table 1 Clinical Characteristics of All Participants

	Subjects (n=1826)
Gender	Male (609, 33.4%)
Age(years)	54.85±7.59
WC(cm)	84.60±8.81
DBP(mmHg)	127.35±18.74
SBP(mmHg)	80.74±11.89
FPG(mmol/L)	5.72±1.65
HbA1c(%)	5.18±0.02
TG(mmol/L)	5.24±1.00
HDL-C(mmol/L)	1.41±0.31
UA(μmol /L)	310.58±90.88
Abdominal Obesity	769(42.1%)
Hypertriglyceridemia	708(38.8%)
Low HDL-C	179(9.8%)
Hypertension	971(53.2%)
Hyperglycemia	448(24.5%)
Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus	229(12.5%)
Diagnosed Hypertension	476(26.1%)
MetS	500(27.4%)
HGI	−0.03(−0.24, 0.19)

Notes: Data are median (25th–75th interquartile range) and mean ± standard deviation.

Abbreviations: WC, waist circumference; DBP, systolic blood pressure; SBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; UA, uric acid; MetS, metabolic syndrome; HGI, hemoglobin glycation index; Low HDL-C, Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Table 2 Comparison of Indicators Between High HGI Group and Low HGI Group

	Low HGI(n=908)	High HGI(n=918)	P
Gender	Male (312, 34.4%)	Male (297, 32.4%)	0.363
Age(years)	53.68±7.57	56.00±7.45	<0.001*
WC(cm)	83.68±8.52	85.52±9.00	<0.001*
DBP(mmHg)	125.76±18.51	128.93±18.84	<0.001*
SBP(mmHg)	80.09±11.51	81.38±12.22	0.021*
FPG(mmol/L)	5.87±1.61	5.57±1.69	<0.001*
TG(mmol/L)	5.15±0.99	5.34±0.99	<0.001*
HDL-C(mmol/L)	1.42±0.31	1.41±0.31	0.515
UA(μmol /L)	309.34±90.61	311.81±91.18	0.562
Abdominal Obesity	343(37.8%)	426(46.4%)	<0.001*
Hypertension	438(48.2%)	533(58.1%)	<0.001*
Hyperglycemia	308(33.9%)	400(43.6%)	<0.001*
Low HDL-C	81(8.9%)	98(10.7%)	0.013*

Notes:*Denotes significance at a P value of <0.05. Data are mean ± standard deviation.

Abbreviations: WC, waist circumference; DBP, systolic blood pressure; SBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; UA, uric acid; MetS, metabolic syndrome; HGI, hemoglobin glycation index; Low HDL-C, Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Figure 2 Comparison of the prevalence of MetS between the high HGI group and the low HGI group in all subjects.

Note: *Denotes significance at a P value of <0.05.

Abbreviations: Low HGI, Low hemoglobin glycation index group; High HGI, High hemoglobin glycation index group; MetS, metabolic syndrome.

Table 3 Logistic Regression Analysis of Risk Factors for MetS Prevalence

	B(95% CI)	Std.Error	Beta	P
Age	1.034(1.018, 1.049)	0.008	0.033*	<0.001
UA	1.007(1.006, 1.008)	0.001	0.007*	<0.001
HGI group	1.384(1.110, 1.725)	0.112	0.325*	0.004

Note:*Denotes significance at a P value of <0.05.

Abbreviations: UA, uric acid; HGI group, hemoglobin glycation index group.

Table 4 Correlation Analysis of HGI Groups with MetS and Its Diagnostic Components

		HGI
MetS	Chi-Square-valve	12.461*
	p-value	<0.001
Abdominal Obesity	Chi-Square-valve	13.946*
	p-value	<0.001
Hypertension	Chi-Square-valve	17.691*
	p-value	<0.001
Hypertriglyceridemia	Chi-Square-valve	17.915*
	p-value	<0.001
Low HDL-C	Chi-Square-valve	1.590
	p-value	0.507

Note: *Denotes significance at a P value of <0.05.

Abbreviations: MetS, metabolic syndrome; HGI, hemoglobin glycation index; Low HDL-C, Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Table 5 Association of Model 1 HGI with MetS Diagnosis

	B(95% CI)	Std.Error	Beta	P
Abdominal Obesity	1.287(1.061, 1.561)*	0.098	0.252	0.010
Hypertension	1.349(1.115, 1.632)*	0.097	0.299	0.002
Hypertriglyceridemia	1.376(1.124, 1.684)*	0.103	0.319	0.002
Low HDL-C	0.958(0.691, 1.329)	0.167	−0.042	0.799

Note: *Denotes significance at a P value of <0.05.

Abbreviations: HGI, hemoglobin glycation index; Low HDL-C, Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Table 6 Association Between HGI and MetS Diagnosis in Model 2

	B(95% CI)	Std.Error	Beta	P
Abdominal Obesity	1.240(1.017, 1.511)*	0.101	0.215	0.034
Hypertension	1.215(0.995, 1.485)	0.102	0.195	0.057
Hypertriglyceridemia	1.429(1.159, 1.761)*	0.107	0.357	0.001
Low HDL-C	1.034(0.740, 1.444)	0.170	0.033	0.844

Note: *Denotes significance at a P value of <0.05.

Abbreviations: MetS, metabolic syndrome; HGI, hemoglobin glycation index; Low HDL-C, Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.