Comparison of Clinical Profiles, Demographics, and Surgical Outcomes of 25-Gauge Vitrectomy for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Young Adults with Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes

Figures & data

Table 1 The Clinical Demographic Data in Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes versus Type 2 Diabetes

Characteristics	T1D Group	T2D Group	P-value
Total eyes (patients)	24 (18)	116 (81)
Both eyes (n, %)	6 (33.3%)	35 (43.2%)	0.442
Age at operation (years)	33.78 ± 5.53	36.54 ± 5.29	0.049
Gender (n, %)
Male	14 (77.8%)	53 (65.4%)	0.311
Female	4 (22.2%)	28 (34.6%)	0.311
History (years)	10.07 ± 5.62	6.30 ± 5.22	0.008
BMI	21.58 ± 2.78	25.00 ± 3.69	< 0.001
Therapy (n, %)
Oral drugs only	0 (0%)	31 (38.8%)	< 0.001
Drugs and insulin	3 (12.5%)	37 (31.9%)	0.056
Insulin only	21 (87.5%)	34 (29.3%)	< 0.001
Blood pressure (mmHg)
Systolic blood pressure	130.10 ± 21.88	131.50 ± 18.79	0.778
Diastolic blood pressure	80.39 ± 10.59	84.10 ± 10.07	0.165
Blood glucose (mmol/L)	7.06 ± 2.73	7.11 ± 2.18	0.923
HbA1c (%)	8.14 ± 3.13	7.33 ±1.36	0.093
Systemic diseases (n, %)
Hypertension	11 (45.8%)	56 (48.3%)	0.827
Cardiovascular disorders	2 (8.3%)	3 (2.6%)	0.167
Cerebrovascular disorders	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.86%)	0.648
Renal disorders	2 (8.3%)	6 (5.2%)	0.544

Abbreviations: T1D, type 1 diabetes; T2D, type 2 diabetes; BMI, Body Mass Index.

Table 2 The Surgical Indications and Ocular Findings in Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes versus Type 2 Diabetes

Characteristics	T1D Group	T2D Group	P-value
Pre-operation
BCVA (LogMAR)	1.66 ± 0.45	1.59 ± 0.46	0.492
PRP (n, %)	13 (54.2%)	70 (60.3%)	0.575
IVI (n, %)	16 (66.7%)	67 (57.8%)	0.419
Surgical indication (n, %)
VH only	7 (29.2%)	31 (26.7%)	0.807
TRD with or without VH	5 (20.8%)	30 (25.9%)	0.605
VH+FVP with or without TRD	1 (4.2%)	26 (22.4%)	0.039
Combined tractional RRD	11 (45.8%)	29 (25.0%)	0.040
With FVP	5 (20.8%)	9 (7.8%)
Without FVP	6 (25.0%)	20 (17.2%)
Surgical records Vitreous tamponade (n, %)
Silicone oil	12 (50.0%)	56 (48.3%)	0.878
Gas	2 (8.3%)	14 (12.1%)	0.601
BSS	10 (41.7%)	46 (39.7%)	0.855
Cataract extraction (n, %)	8 (33.3%)	32 (27.6%)	0.571
Retinotomy (n, %)	4 (16.7%)	9 (7.8%)	0.171

Abbreviations: T1D, type 1 diabetes; T2D, type 2 diabetes; BCVA, best corrected visual acuity; PRP, panretinal photocoagulation; IVI, intravitreal injection; VH, vitreous hemorrhage; TRD, tractional retinal detachment; FVP, fibrovascular proliferation; RRD, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment; BSS, balanced salt solution.

Table 3 The Postoperative BCVA and Complications in Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes versus Type 2 Diabetes

Characteristics	T1D Group	T2D Group	P-value
Post-operation
BCVA (LogMAR)	0.94 ± 0.62	0.96 ± 0.72	0.896
Postoperative complications (n, %)	0 (0.0%)	17 (14.7%)	0.045
NVG	0 (0.0%)	7 (6.0%)	0.217
Recurrent VH	0 (0.0%)	5 (4.3%)	0.300
Recurrent RD	0 (0.0%)	3 (2.6%)	0.426
ERM	0 (0.0%)	2 (1.7%)	0.517

Abbreviations: T1D, type 1 diabetes; T2D, type 2 diabetes; BCVA, best corrected visual acuity; NVG, neovascular glaucoma; VH, vitreous hemorrhage; RD, retinal detachment; ERM, epiretinal membrane.

Table 4 Assessment of Factors Influencing the Visual Acuity in the Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes versus Type 2 Diabetes

Risk Factors	T1D Group			T2D Group
	Coefficient	t	P-value	Coefficient	t	P-value
Age at operation	0.090	0.463	0.648	0.131	1.563	0.121
Gender	−0.024	−0.128	0.899	0.152	1.855	0.066
Duration of DM	0.415	2.320	0.031	0.053	0.647	0.519
BMI	−0.102	−0.561	0.581	−0.022	−0.265	0.792
Hypertension	−0.212	−1.217	0.238	0.037	0.439	0.661
Renal diseases	0.050	0.253	0.803	0.117	1.371	0.173
Preoperative BCVA	0.557	3.235	0.004	0.216	2.611	0.010
Preoperative PRP	0.142	0.845	0.409	−0.029	−0.349	0.728
Preoperative IVI	0.022	0.112	0.912	−0.092	−1.121	0.265
Preoperative TRD	−0.142	−0.813	0.426	0.042	0.478	0.633
TRD involving the macular	−0.050	−0.281	0.782	0.124	1.316	0.191
Preoperative RRD	−0.010	−0.052	0.959	0.308	3.726	0.000
Preoperative VH	0.048	0.270	0.790	−0.055	−0.654	0.514
Preoperative FVP	0.543	3.244	0.004	−0.056	−0.666	0.507
Silicone oil tamponade	−0.092	−0.531	0.602	0.093	1.016	0.312
Postoperative NVG				0.297	3.609	0.000
Recurrent VH				−0.071	−0.644	0.521
Recurrent RD				0.020	0.241	0.810
Postoperative ERM				0.110	1.281	0.203

Abbreviations: T1D, type 1 diabetes; T2D, type 2 diabetes; DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, Body Mass Index; BCVA, best corrected visual acuity; PRP, panretinal photocoagulation; IVI, intravitreal injection; TRD, tractional retinal detachment; RRD, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment; VH, vitreous hemorrhage; FVP, fibrovascular proliferation; NVG, neovascular glaucoma; RD, retinal detachment; ERM, epiretinal membrane.