Association of Hyper-Triglyceridemic Waist Phenotype and Diabetic Vascular Complication in the Chinese Population

Figures & data

Figure 1 Date cleaning procedure. After excluding participants aged not 20–80 years, missing value, and using antilipemic agents, there were 3221 participants including the current analysis.

Table 1 Demographic Information and Clinical Character of the Present Study

	Total	NTNW	ETNW	NTEW	HTGW	P*
n	3221	660	275	1209	1077	–
Males, n (%)	1914 (59.4)	374 (56.7)	174 (63.3)	673 (55.7)	693 (64.3)	<0.001
Age, years, mean (SD)	50.00 (12.27)	51.53 (11.92)	47.19 (10.90)	52.52 (12.00)	46.94 (12.32)	<0.001
Course, months, median (IQR)	47.00 (3.00, 125.00)	61.00 (10.00,135.25)	50.00 (3.00,115.00)	61.00 (5.00,136.00)	34.00 (1.00, 98.00)	<0.001
Height, cm, mean (SD)	166.53 (8.62)	164.68 (8.34)	165.64 (8.05)	166.12 (8.61)	168.36 (8.61)	<0.001
Weight, kg, mean (SD)	74.57 (14.52)	62.22 (8.74)	65.97 (8.73)	76.66 (13.12)	82.00 (14.10)	<0.001
BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD)	26.76 (4.03)	22.90 (2.38)	23.98 (2.15)	27.68 (3.60)	28.81 (3.64)	<0.001
Waist, cm, mean (SD)	94.28 (10.54)	82.04 (5.64)	84.35 (4.53)	97.95 (7.68)	100.21 (8.61)	<0.001
High school education, n (%)	1947 (60.6)	388 (59.1)	185 (67.3)	650 (53.9)	724 (67.3)	<0.001
Hypertension, n (%)	1104 (34.3)	145 (22.0)	75 (27.3)	477 (39.5)	407 (37.8)	<0.001
Drinking, n (%)	1327 (41.2)	233 (35.4)	125 (45.5)	461 (38.2)	508 (47.2)	<0.001
Smoking, n (%)	1093 (33.9)	192 (29.1)	107 (38.9)	377 (31.2)	417 (38.7)	<0.001
LDL-c mmol/l, mean (SD)	3.24 (0.91)	3.02 (0.83)	3.55 (0.93)	3.05 (0.84)	3.50 (0.94)	<0.001
HDL-c, mmol/l, mean (SD)	1.20 (0.29)	1.31 (0.32)	1.15 (0.26)	1.22 (0.28)	1.11 (0.27)	<0.001
Fasting glucose, mmol/L, mean (SD)	9.50 (4.05)	8.93 (4.20)	10.15 (4.19)	9.06 (3.79)	10.18 (4.07)	<0.001
Triglyceride, mmol/L, median (IQR)	1.51 (1.05, 2.32)	0.96 (0.75, 1.28)	2.51 (2.00, 3.71)	1.19 (0.94, 1.43)	2.57 (2.05, 3.68)	<0.001
HbA1c,%, mean (SD)	8.48 (2.30)	8.24 (2.53)	8.97 (2.40)	8.32 (2.16)	8.68 (2.25)	<0.001
Decreased GFR, n (%)	177 (5.5)	23 (3.5)	16 (5.8)	66 (5.5)	72 (6.7)	0.006*
Decreased ABI, n (%)	188 (5.8)	21 (3.2)	12 (4.4)	61 (5.0)	94 (8.7)	<0.001*
Elevated baPWV, n (%)	2065 (64.1)	381 (57.7)	162 (58.9)	840 (69.5)	682 (63.3)	0.003*
Elevated UACR, n (%)	914 (28.4)	119 (18.0)	100 (36.4)	312 (25.8)	383 (35.6)	<0.001*
DR, n (%)	125 (3.9)	22 (3.3)	17 (6.2)	50 (4.1)	36 (3.3)	0.685*

Note: *P for trend was calculated by Cochran Armitage Test.

Abbreviations: BMI, Body mass index; HDL-C, High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, Triglyceride; HbA1c, Glycated hemoglobin; NTNW, Normal Triglyceride and Waist; ETNW, Elevated Triglyceride and normal Waist; NTEW, Normal Triglyceride and enlarged Waist; HTGW, Hypertriglyceridemic-waist; DR, Diabetic retinopathy; UACR, Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio; GFR, Glomerular filtration rate; ABI, ankle brachial index; baPWV, Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity.

Table 2 Logistic Regression Analysis Assessing the Associations Between the Hypertriglyceridemic-Waist Phenotype and Vascular Complication Index of Diabetes

	Model 1		Model 2
	OR	P	OR	P
Decreased ABI
NTNW	Reference	–	Reference	–
ETNW	1.32[0.62, 2.69]	0.460	1.13 [0.53, 2.33]	0.740
NTEW	1.57 [0.96, 2.66]	0.082	1.49 [0.91, 2.55]	0.124
HTGW	2.68 [1.68, 4.48]	<0.001	2.24 [1.38, 3.80]	0.002
Decreased GFR
NTNW	Reference	–	Reference	–
ETNW	2.64 [1.32, 5.21]	0.005	2.25 [1.10, 4.54]	0.024
NTEW	1.63 [1.00, 2.73]	0.056	1.38 [0.84, 2.34]	0.222
HTGW	2.78 [1.71, 4.70]	<0.001	2.21 [1.32, 3.82]	0.003
Elevated UACR
NTNW	Reference	–	Reference	–
ETNW	2.52 [1.82, 3.48]	<0.001	2.34 [1.68, 3.26]	<0.001
NTEW	1.52 [1.20, 1.94]	0.001	1.33 [1.04, 1.71]	0.023
HTGW	2.53 [1.99, 3.23]	0.001	2.18 [1.69, 2.81]	<0.001
Elevated baPWV
NTNW	Reference	–	Reference	–
ETNW	1.39 [1.02, 1.90]	0.038	1.37 [0.99, 1.89]	0.056
NTEW	1.69 [1.36, 2.11]	<0.001	1.49 [1.19, 1.88]	0.001
HTGW	1.73 [1.39, 2.16]	<0.001	1.63 [1.28, 2.06]	<0.001
DR
NTNW	Reference	–	Reference	–
ETNW	1.96 [0.99, 3.82]	0.048	2.02 [1.00, 4.02]	0.046
NTEW	1.25 [0.75, 2.15]	0.402	1.19 [0.70, 2.06]	0.533
HTGW	1.07 [0.62, 1.90]	0.807	1.04 [0.58, 1.90]	0.889

Notes: Model 1: adjust for sex, duration, HbA1c. Molde 2: adjust for history of hypertension, smoking, drinking, education, LDL, HDL, and plus the covariable in model 1.

Abbreviations: NTNW, Normal Triglyceride and Waist; ETNW, Elevated Triglyceride and normal Waist; NTEW, Normal Triglyceride and enlarged Waist; HTGW, Hypertriglyceridemic-waist; DR, Diabetic retinopathy; GFR, Glomerular filtration rate; ABI, ankle brachial index; baPWV, Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity.

Figure 2 Stratified analysis of associations between the hypertriglyceridemic-waist phenotype and vascular complication index of diabetes. (A) ABI (B) GFR (C) UACR (D) baPWV.

Abbreviations: DR, Diabetic retinopathy; GFR, Glomerular filtration rate; ABI, ankle-brachial index; baPWV, Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity.