Correlation Between Fibrinogen/Albumin and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Figures & data

Table 1 Comparison of Indicators Between NDPN and DPN Groups

Variable	NDPN (n=112)	DPN (n=230)	P-value
Men (%)	80 (71.4%)	153 (66.5%)	0.361
Smoking (%)	54 (48.2%)	101 (43.9%)	0.453
Drinking (%)	55 (49.1%)	93 (40.4%)	0.129
DR (%)	25 (22.3%)	83 (36.1%)	0.01*
Age	51 (44,61.75)	60 (51.75,66)	<0.001*
DM duration	7 (3,11)	10 (4.75,17)	<0.001*
SBP (mmHg)	128.61±15.43	134.75±19.74	0.002*
DBP (mmHg)	82.54±10.88	80.67±11.63	0.155
BMI (kg/m^2)	26.7±3.86	25.72 (23.98,27.82)	0.082
ALB (g/L)	42.82±3.59	41.4 (38.57,43.4)	<0.001*
ALT (U/L)	21.1 (14.95,32.68)	18.5 (14.1,25)	0.051
AST (U/L)	19.95 (16.23,26.33)	18.95 (15.4,23.73)	0.046*
FBG (mmol/L)	7.8 (6.25,10.38)	7.95 (6.31,10.84)	0.668
BUN (mmol/L)	5.1 (4.5,5.8)	5.23 (4.4,6.33)	0.158
Scr (mmol/L)	68.22±13.09	66.55 (58.9,75.43)	0.392
UA (mmol/L)	309.8 (254.85,401.83)	298.6 (244.68,360.2)	0.185
GFR (mL/min/1.73m^2)	100.69±15.17	97.5 (89.76,104.5)	0.005*
TC (mmol/L)	4.84±1.24	4.47 (3.64,5.1)	0.019*
TG (mmol/L)	1.66 (0.93,2.71)	1.41 (0.99,2.06)	0.11
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.03 (0.90,1.26)	1.03 (0.88,1.18)	0.393
LDL-C (mmol/L)	3.17±0.92	2.94 (2.39,3.41)	0.039*
HbA1C (%)	7.85 (6.8,9.6)	8.7 (7.3,10.23)	0.001*
FIB (g/L)	2.53±0.45	2.76 (2.42,3.07)	<0.001*
FAR	5.94±1.14	6.72 (5.89,7.74)	<0.001*

Note: *Denotes significance at a P value of <0.05.

Figure 1 Comparison of FAR index between NDPN group and DPN group.

Note: *Denotes significance at a P value of <0.05.

Figure 2 Comparisons of DPN morbidity in the men group and women group.

Note: *Denotes significance at a P value of <0.05.

Table 2 Comparison of NCV Between NDPN and DPN Groups

Variable (m/s)	NDPN (n=112)	DPN (n=230)	P-value
Sural SCV (L)	52.2 (49.33,55.98)	48.63±5.94	<0.001*
Sural SCV (R)	52.85±4.95	49.22±6.06	<0.001*
Median SCV (L)	61.5 (56,64.68)	56 (51.45,60)	<0.001*
Median SCV (R)	60.03±8.74	55.47±8.85	<0.001*
Ulnar SCV (L)	60.86±6.11	55.7 (52.1,60.53)	<0.001*
Ulnar SCV (R)	58.25±4.96	55.8 (52,60)	<0.001*
Superficial SCV (L)	51.64±5.13	49 (44.18,52.5)	<0.001*
Superficial SCV (R)	51.1 (47.03,54.28)	47.75 (43.8,50)	<0.001*
Median MCV (L)	57.85±3.99	54.86±4.76	<0.001*
Median MCV (R)	58.1 (55.15,60.5)	55.02±4.88	<0.001*
Common peroneal MCV (L)	46.6 (45,48.6)	43.7 (39.9,45.83)	<0.001*
Common peroneal MCV (R)	46.95 (45.4,49.8)	43.8 (40.7,46.2)	<0.001*
Tibial MCV (L)	45.85 (43.9,48.88)	43.15 (39.7,45.33)	<0.001*
Tibial MCV (R)	46.35 (44.43,47.9)	43.3 (39.8,44.93)	<0.001*
Ulnar MCV (L)	59.15 (55.6,62.73)	56.45 (53.48,59.7)	<0.001*
Ulnar MCV (R)	58.7 (55.3,61.58)	55.35 (52.4,59.33)	<0.001*

Note: *Denotes significance at a P value of <0.05.

Abbreviation: L stands for left; R stands for right.

Table 3 Comparison of Indicators Between the Low-FAR Group and High-FAR Group

Variable	Low-FAR (n=171)	High-FAR (n=171)	P-value
Men (%)	126 (73.7%)	107 (62.6%)	0.027*
Smoking (%)	80 (46.8%)	75 (43.9%)	0.587
Drinking (%)	76 (44.4%)	72 (42.1%)	0.662
Age	53.19±11.17	61 (53,66)	<0.001*
DM duration	8 (4,13)	10 (4,19)	0.006*
SBP (mmHg)	129 (119,140)	135 (122,147)	0.008*
DBP (mmHg)	81.75±11.58	80.81±11.25	0.446
BMI (kg/m^2)	26.15±3.16	25.78 (24,28.68)	0.88
ALB (g/L)	42.83±3.33	40.5 (38,43.2)	<0.001*
ALT (U/L)	20.9 (15.3,29.2)	17.7 (13.7,26.5)	0.031*
AST (U/L)	19.9 (16.4,24.8)	18.8 (14.9,23.4)	0.028*
FBG (mmol/L)	7.94 (6.38,10.53)	7.85 (6.27,10.78)	0.795
BUN (mmol/L)	5.19 (4.53,5.9)	5.2 (4.3,6.2)	0.85
Scr (mmol/L)	67.33±12.78	65.7 (59,76.3)	0.661
UA (mmol/L)	310.9 (248.7,359.1)	294.4 (247.6,373.1)	0.861
GFR (mL/min/1.73m^2)	101.19 (93.27,108.2)	95.55 (86.4,103.73)	<0.001*
TC (mmol/L)	4.6±1.16	4.47 (3.71,5.22)	0.865
TG (mmol/L)	1.58 (0.98,2.39)	1.39 (0.95,2.08)	0.349
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.04 (0.89,1.19)	1.01 (0.88,1.2)	0.811
LDL-C (mmol/L)	3.01±0.86	2.96 (2.42,3.53)	0.86
HbA1C (%)	7.9 (6.7,9.7)	8.7 (7.4,10.4)	<0.001*
FIB (g/L)	2.35±0.27	2.99 (2.8,3.43)	<0.001*
FAR	5.59 (5.05,6.04)	7.39 (6.83,8.43)	<0.001*

Note: *Denotes significance at a P value of <0.05.

Figure 3 Comparisons of DPN and DR morbidity in the Low-FAR group and High-FAR group.

Note: *Denotes significance at a P value of <0.05.

Table 4 Comparison of NCV Between Patients in the Low-FAR and High-FAR Groups

Variable (m/s)	Low-FAR (n=171)	High-FAR (n=171)	P-value
Sural SCV (L)	50.00±6.40	49.81±6.15	0.782
Sural SCV (R)	50.64±5.70	50.18±6.22	0.471
Median SCV (L)	58 (52.8,63.3)	56.8 (52.6,61.3)	0.069
Median SCV (R)	58.01±9.22	55.92±8.8	0.033*
Ulnar SCV (L)	59.4 (54.1,63.5)	56.6 (52.2,60.5)	0.003*
Ulnar SCV (R)	58.1 (53.1,61.5)	56.3 (52.3,61)	0.203
Superficial SCV (L)	50.1±5.8	49 (45.5,53.2)	0.264
Superficial SCV (R)	49.2 (44.6,52.9)	48 (44.4,51.1)	0.096
Median MCV (L)	56.8 (53.9,60.1)	54.9±4.67	<0.001*
Median MCV (R)	56.85±4.36	55.22±5.23	0.002*
Common peroneal MCV (L)	45.3 (43.4,47.5)	44 (40.7,46.5)	0.002*
Common peroneal MCV (R)	45.8 (43.4,48.5)	44.5 (40.9,46.8)	0.002*
Tibial MCV (L)	44.9 (43,48.2)	43.5 (40.2,45.4)	<0.001*
Tibial MCV (R)	44.6 (41.8,46.8)	43.5 (40.1,45.5)	0.002*
Ulnar MCV (L)	57.9 (54.4,61.8)	56.5 (53.9,60)	0.01*
Ulnar MCV (R)	57.1 (54,60.3)	55.6 (52.7,59.5)	0.039*

Note: *Denotes significance at a P value of <0.05.

Abbreviation: L stands for left; R stands for right.

Table 5 Correlation Between FAR and Clinical Characteristics in T2DM

Variable	r-value	P-value
Smoking	−0.072	0.181
Drinking	−0.076	0.159
DPN%	0.336	<0.001*
DR%	0.156	0.004*
Age	0.332	<0.001*
DM duration	0.184	0.001*
SBP (mmHg)	0.16	0.003*
DBP (mmHg)	−0.07	0.194
BMI (kg/m^2)	0	0.994
ALB (g/L)	−0.424	<0.001*
ALT (U/L)	−0.173	0.001*
AST (U/L)	−0.115	0.033*
FBG (mmol/L)	−0.045	0.403
BUN (mmol/L)	0.008	0.876
Scr (mmol/L)	−0.036	0.51
UA (mmol/L)	−0.024	0.655
GFR (mL/min/1.73m^2)	−0.256	<0.001*
TC (mmol/L)	0	0.997
TG (mmol/L)	−0.036	0.501
HDL-C (mmol/L)	−0.014	0.798
LDL-C (mmol/L)	0.009	0.865
HbA1C (%)	0.174	0.001*
FIB (g/L)	0.889	<0.001*

Note: *Denotes significance at a P value of <0.05.

Figure 4 Correlation Between FAR and Clinical Characteristics in T2DM.

Note: *Denotes significance at a P value of <0.05.

Table 6 Correlation Between FAR and Nerve Conduction Velocities in T2DM

Variable (m/s)	r-value	P-value
Sural SCV (L)	−0.018	0.74
Sural SCV (R)	−0.007	0.895
Median SCV (L)	−0.121	0.025*
Median SCV (R)	−0.184	0.001*
Ulnar SCV (L)	−0.166	0.002*
Ulnar SCV (R)	−0.089	0.1
Superficial SCV (L)	−0.062	0.25
Superficial SCV (R)	−0.073	0.178
Median MCV (L)	−0.245	<0.001*
Median MCV (R)	−0.181	0.001*
Common peroneal MCV (L)	−0.148	0.006*
Common peroneal MCV (R)	−0.166	0.002*
Tibial MCV (L)	−0.220	<0.001*
Tibial MCV (R)	−0.169	0.002*
Ulnar MCV (L)	−0.124	0.022*
Ulnar MCV (R)	−0.092	0.089

Note: *Denotes significance at a P value of <0.05.

Abbreviation: L stands for left; R stands for right.

Figure 5 Correlation Between FAR and NCV in T2DM.

Note: *Denotes significance at a P value of <0.05.

Abbreviation: L stands for left; R stands for right.

Table 7 Logistic Regression Analysis of T2DM Patients with DPN

Factor	β	Wald	OR (95% CI)	P
FAR	0.468	19.035	1.597 (1.282,1.99)	<0.001*
LDL-C (mmol/L)	−0.351	5.835	0.704 (0.519,0.955)	0.024*
HbA1c (%)	0.246	11.13	1.279 (1.103,1.483)	0.001*

Note: *Denotes significance at a P value of <0.05.

Table 8 The ROC Curve of FAR, FIB and HbA1c in Patients of T2DM with DPN

Factor	AUC (95% CI)	P	Cut-off	Sensitivity	Specificity	Youden Index
FAR	0.707 (0.641,0.758)	<0.001*	6.06	0.709	0.589	0.298
FIB	0.653 (0.592,0.714)	<0.001*	2.61	0.6	0.643	0.243
HbA1c	0.608 (0.545,0.67)	0.001	8.65	0.509	0.727	0.232

Note: *Denotes significance at a P value of <0.05.

Figure 6 The ROC Curve of FAR, FIB and HbA1c in patients of T2DM with DPN.

Note: *Denotes significance at a P value of <0.05.