The Role of PPARγ Gene Polymorphisms, Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes: Current Progress and Future Prospects

Figures & data

Table 1 Mechanistic Connections Between Hyperglycemia, Gut Microbiota, and PPARγ Gene Polymorphisms

Mechanism	Description	Reference
Hyperglycemia leads to insulin resistance	Hyperglycemia leads to insulin resistance	[1–7]
Insulin resistance affects gut microbiota	Insulin resistance may alter the gut environment, resulting in dysbiosis of the gut microbiota	[8–10]
Dysbiosis of gut microbiota impacts energy metabolism	Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota can disrupt energy intake and metabolism, further exacerbating hyperglycemic conditions	[11–13]
PPARγ gene polymorphisms are associated with insulin sensitivity	Polymorphic variations in the PPARγ gene may influence insulin sensitivity, thereby affecting the occurrence and progression of hyperglycemia	[14–17]
Interplay between PPARγ gene polymorphisms and gut microbiota	PPARγ gene polymorphisms may impact the composition and function of the gut microbiota, further influencing the development of hyperglycemia	[8,18–21,22]

Figure 1 Mechanistic Interaction Model among Hyperglycemia, Gut Microbiota, and PPARγ Gene Polymorphisms.

Cani PD, Neyrinck AM, Fava F, et al. Selective increases of bifidobacteria in gut microflora improve high-fat-diet-induced diabetes in mice through a mechanism associated with endotoxaemia. Diabetologia. 2007;50(11):2374–2383. doi:10.1007/s00125-007-0791-0

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